Lord of the Flies Narrative Poem Essay

I, the island, all alone in the sea, Have been invaded by humanity. A plane crashed while escaping war, And left several schoolboys upon my shore. In my jungle, a scar their tube did make, And simultaneously, my peace it did take. Two boys blew into a shell from my beach. All came to whom the sound did reach. They decided that they needed a chief, And Ralph was chosen, to Jack’s grief. The boys thought that survival would be fun, But were they ready to get the work done? Their happiness didn’t last and fears did rise. A snake-beast was spotted by a littlun’s eyes. They decided to build a signal fire upon my mountain head, But out of control, the fire did spread. Missing is the littlun who saw the beast, Yet the boys don’t seem to care that he’s likely deceased! Pig hunting became Jack’s obsession. The boys abandoned building huts in their transgression. Only Ralph and Simon remained to work, While in my bathing pool the rest did lurk. Simon is the only one who respects my beauty. Why is rescue not everyone’s top priority? The littluns are barely being taken care of, The older boys neglect to show them love. Jack and the boys hunted pigs and let the fire die. Ralph got angry, there was no signal as a ship passed by. The boys caught a pig so they chant and dance, But spirits were dampened at the loss of a rescue chance. The boys’ work ethics, Ralph did doubt: Defecating everywhere, poor shelter, fire gone out! Thanks to Jack, the beast continued to bring fear, The littluns claimed to have seen it near. The voices of Piggy and Simon are kept quiet, And Jack lead the others into a frantic riot. Upon my mountain a dead parachutists did land, The twins spotted it and ran down to the sand. They claimed to have spotted a beast on my hill, Now all the boys want to do is to find it and kill. They searched a cave but the creature was not there, In fact there was no beast anywhere! Ralph is losing control of the bestial boys, All this talk of beasts is just useless noise. The real evil is inside the human mind, But to this fact these boys appear to be blind. Due to these children, my land has been hewn, I hope that they leave me alone again soon.

Applications of Data Mining in the areas of Marketing Communications Essay

Introduction In the information age, technological advancements have facilitated the collection of large amounts of information on various fields to include military intelligence, scientific and business data amongst several others. Computers are able to sort out this data with the aid of database management systems. Data can be classified according to predefined criteria. Data mining involves the extraction of implicit and useful information from databases. Use of relational databases is more helpful in the sense that it allows linkage with the structured query language (SQL) that allows for predicting, comparison and the determination of variations (Che, Han & Yu, 1996). In websites, this technology is used by businesses in crawling through web pages and collect information that enables the organization to enhance business, analyze the market trends and utilize the information obtained to their best interest (Web Data Mining, 2013). Applications of Data Mining In the Areas of Marketing Communications, Public Relations and Corporate Communications With the development of business intelligence, corporate management through the use of data marts and reporting software can obtain data from any region or field of interest in computer readable form in a relatively short time. It uses this data to forecast on future market expectation and consumer trends. Through its models and tools, managers are able to predict future events (Web Data Mining, 2013). It allows the analysis of past records and marketing to tailor and narrow target audience. It also helps in the determination of marketing methods; in the end, it increases revenue on sales with fewer campaigns. Data mining can predict consumer behavior, the psychology of the consumer, behavior while shopping, influence of business environment on consumers and consumer motivation depending on the importance of the product.   The products sold to consumers provide data on items how they are positioned. Data mining analyzes consumption patterns, for instance, during festive seasons to find out which products sell more and the association between one product and another. It is common to associate the purchase of bread with butter (Raorane & Kulkarni, 2011).Association is utilized in making decisions in cross marketing. Through web crawling information on consumer preferences are collected, their purchase records are used in making inventory decisions and analysis of fraudulent payments (Web Data Mining, 2013). Data mining can be categorized according to the data that is collected, in businesses the identification of high profit and low risk customers is an important task for business owners, customers can be segmented with associated characteristics as loyalty and other traits. This is useful in marketing and customer relationship management (Rajagopal, 2011). Accuracy is how often models get their predictions right while reliability is a measure of consistency of the model. Validation is done to determine how models perform against real data; quality and characteristics of a data mining model must be evaluated before deployment. However, data mining models are considered reliable if they generate the same type of predictions and return the same pattern of findings regardless of the test data. Reliability in data mining is also dependent on the skill, knowledge and the ingenuity of the analyst. Meaningful relations between variables can be extracted from databases in complex formats that are unachievable through manual systems. However, reliability is no longer assured in data mining due to its complex heterogeneous and dynamic nature. It is necessary to incorporate preventive measures to safeguard data validity and integrity (Kavulya, Gandhi, & Narasimhan, 2008). Conclusion Data mining is an effective tool in fields as medicine, marketing and crime prevention amongst many others. The use of computers has seen this lessen the time required for researches. The tools and models it utilizes are very helpful in business in determining and predicting consumer trends and consumption patterns that were unknown in the past. This seeks to promote revenues with little campaigns. Additionally, the use of web data mining allows businessmen to monitor consumer patterns, clusters and associations for inventory purposes. However, this technique may not be completely reliable, this depends on the skills of the user and preventive measures installed checking on reliability. Through legislation and technological interventions these issues can be alleviated. References Kavulya, S., Gandhi, R. & Narasimhan, P. (2008). Gumshoe: Perspective. IEEE Trans. Knowledge and Data Engineering, 8 (1), pp. 866-883. Rajagopal, S. (2011). Customer data clustering using data mining technique. International journal of Database Management Systems, 3(4), pp. 1-9. Raorane, A & Kulkarni, R.V. (2001). Data mining techniques: a source for consumer behavior analysis. Retrieved November 13, 2014 from: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1109.1202.pdf Web data mining. (2013). Predictive analytics and data mining. Retrieved November 13, 2014 from: http://www.web-datamining.net/analytics/   

16th Century U.K. Epidemics and its Impact on the British Essay

16th Century U.K. Epidemics and its Impact on the British - Essay Example This paper discusses the impact of epidemics upon the British people in the 16th century (1500-1600) with reference to three common diseases. The first part is a brief introduction on what an epidemic is and its causes.The second part is on England before and during the 16th century to show why it became prone to epidemics The third part is on epidemics of malaria, influenza, and the plague in 16th century England and its effects on the English people and their history.An epidemic is an outbreak of a contagious disease that affects an unusually large proportion of people or involves an extensive geographical area. Epidemics such as the recent SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) outbreak in Asia may last for a few months, but some last for years, such as the plague that ravaged Europe for six centuries (Encarta, 2007; Ranger & Slack, 1992).Epidemiology is the study of how diseases are transmitted and how people infected by diseases can be cured to control the extent of epidemics. Diseases are caused by organisms such as bacteria or parasites, some of which lie dormant until they reside in a living host.Others are caused by viruses, strands of DNA that enter cells of living creatures and cause mutations that affect the living body. Once these organisms enter the host through infection, they multiply and cause the host to get sick, turning the host into a carrier of disease-causing organisms in very large numbers. Disease-causing organisms are spread by contamination of food and water, physical contact, or the exchange of bodily fluids like saliva, semen, or blood, or through insects, rodents, and other disease-carrying animals known as vectors or agents that infect human populations. In the past, these diseases were believed to be caused by "germs" that spread their evil effects in the air. So lethal were these germs that they changed the fates of human societies in the last 13,000 years (Diamond, 2005). Germs went through a deadly cycle of mutation and adaptation, infecting animals and humans, each mutation giving rise to deadlier forms or diseases. Bacteria, parasites, and viruses need to eat in order to live and multiply. Germs (or microbes) do not exist to kill other living beings. Death is an unfortunate consequence, and if germs had their way, they would prefer their hosts to stay healthy, as millions of bacteria already do in the human body, helping in digestion and fighting deadlier diseases. Disease and death are unintended consequences of germs finding living bodies in which to live, encouraged by environmental conditions and the habits of the living hosts. Poor living conditions and poor sanitation, the concentration of populations into a smaller area that encouraged greater and frequent social contact, the thirst for discovery and travel to foreign lands, the search for greater wealth and prosperity, changes in weather conditions, and even a rise in promiscuity were the factors that increased the frequency of disease and epidemics (Wilkinson, 1992). Epidemics eventually die down once the conditions for their transmission disappear. In several parts of Europe in the Middle Ages, the plague disappeared from a town because half its population who were still healthy and uninfected were able to get away, while half including animals were infected and died. With no new living hosts, the bacteria could not survive. Weather changes also affected the rate of infection, whether they encouraged people to stay home or to go out. Either way, infection could spread at a faster rate through proximity and social contact. These conditions led to epidemics that would die down when these factors disappear. England in the 16th Century At the turn of the 16th century, Spain and Portugal was the European superpower, and having just discovered America through Columbus, it launched until the middle of the 16th century several sea voyages that led to the discovery of South America, Africa, the Pacific

Should Companies Allow Employees to Exercise on Work Time Coursework

Should Companies Allow Employees to Exercise on Work Time - Coursework Example Furthermore in a recent research, for workers who were more active physically, job burnout was less likely to develop into depression. In this research, the greatest benefits were attained by people who exercised hours weekly. High levels of energy, as well as daily health, are just among the benefits that originate from exercise. Weight loss is an unbelievable outcome that has happened from exercise for some individuals. Increasing physical activity has been proved to burn more calories, which assists in breaking a weight loss plateau (Scott, 2008). Physical activity has not just proved to reduce obdurate body fat, but also to lower blood pressure levels, cholesterol, as well as reduce the risks of diabetes and cancer (Hellmich, 2008). This enables an individual to live healthier and longer just with some exercise. According to Hellmich (2007), exercising can as well suppress appetite suppressant since it leaves an individual feeling less hungry. Some overweight individuals have been seen to have issues with cardiac problems in later life. Habitual exercise has proved to protect against illnesses linked with persistent low-grade systemic inflammation (Peterson & Pederson, 2005). Being overweight does not automatically mean one may not be in shape. It is in some individuals’ body nature to carry extra weight as indicated in most studies. One research showed that the exercise benefit was enjoyed despite the body mass and that being thinner does not always mean being fitter (Australian, 2007). One can have a look at a manual labor job of several athletes from boxing to football see overweight individuals that are in incredible shape. A number of types of exercise have proved not to assist in ridding away body fat. Moreover, exercise has even been associated to lower the level of stress as well as fire up a range of brain chemicals that might leave an individual feeling happier as well as more relaxed as compared to before she or he

Adolescence and Adulthood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adolescence and Adulthood - Essay Example This and several other changes like this were quite expected because these changes do appear in the onset of puberty in males. Though, one of the changes was quite displeasing and I wondered if it so happened with every male child my age. I began to grow my chest and the areola peaked up until they began to peep out through my T shirts. The condition was extremely embarrassing and it made me suffer a lot, particularly in the school when I used to be among my friends. They would point fingers at me and call me â€Å"fag†. They did not realize that I had not voluntarily grown my breast and that there was nothing I could do to make it look any better. In order to escape the embarrassment, I would put on three vests under my T shirt, so that the overall look would be quite flabby and the nipples would not be able to define themselves as a separate entity among other body features. In addition to that, I would try not to make too much public appearance. I stopped going out to the p layground in the breaks, and would spend the whole day sitting in my chair. I became very shy, nervous, and conscious about the way I looked. 2. What peer pressure did you face? Having acquired gynecomastia, I had to face a lot of peer pressure. They made fun of me. They used to point fingers at my chest and would often, squeeze my nipple while walking past me.

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 75

Discussion - Essay Example The next step is identifying the tasks required to accomplish these objectives. A typical WBS takes the structure of a flow chart or a tree diagram. The primary objective is shown at the top the main objectives and then below increasingly specific details. This makes it easier for an observer to reads down. Below is a simple example of a work breakdown structure which a manager used to manage a team of programmers. No business can operate without risk. Often the bigger the risk the better the reward, any business or project manager must ensure that the business has a sound risk reward strategy and proper money management. Below are two examples of risks assumed by a manager in charge of managing traders at an Investment Bank and how the manager tackles these risks. In financial markets volatility is the variation of price of an instrument within a given duration of time. Adverse movement in price could course serious loses. The manager can tackle this by ensuring that traders trade commodities with zero correlation. In the financial markets, the lot size of a trade can determine the size of potential loss/ profit. In the event a trader makes a wrong trade the loss can be substantial. The manager can tackle this risk by ensuring that on any given trade only a specific dollar value is risked and stop loss orders placed at the opening of a

The Success and Failures of Diversification Strategies Essay

The Success and Failures of Diversification Strategies - Essay Example From the study it is clear that in order to examine the corporate strategy of diversification, it is important to gain an understanding of the concept. Looking at the theories and types of diversification potentials allow for a developed knowledge of this business strategy. As well, looking at firms who have diversified and the eventual results will further the investigation. Specific examinations of General Electric and Berkshire Hathaway in comparison with Tesco, HSBC, and Vodafone will allow for examples of diversified interests to reveal how these strategies are successful or without success.As the discussion stresses  DuPont is considered the leading pioneer of diversification. The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 in the United States limited the ability of a corporation to grow through acquisitions and mergers. In 1916 DuPont became the target of an investigation that was pivotal in the future of the strategy of diversification. DuPont, however, did continue to grow through the additions of  chemicals and paints to its gunpowder. The Cellar-Kefauver Act of 1950 made it more difficult to achieve vertical and horizontal integration, thus promoting more diversifications that were the beginnings of the conglomerations. New tariff policies that grew through the 20th century also encouraged companies to turn to diversifications strategies in order to compete with foreign imports that were cheaper and impeded the progress of companies that depended on the products that were not available.

Business plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Business plan - Research Paper Example Additionally, Qatar is all set to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, which has generated tremendous publicity and interest about the country among tourists and soccer fans all over the world. The government of Qatar has currently aimed at boosting luxury tourism in the country. It has entered into an arrangement of joint visa with Oman whereby tourists visiting the country of Oman may also tour Qatar with no additional requirements. It also wants to be at the frontier of a very recent trend in luxury tourism in the Middle East – cruise tourism. ... The company Company overview Burj Qatar Cruises is a proposed business venture by four directors that would provide luxury cruising activities in the Gulf region, around the Arab countries of Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, the UAE, Oman, Yemen and Saudi Arabia. It seeks to attract High Net Worth (HNW) individuals from around the world who seek a de-stressing tour experience soaked in luxury. The target market of Burj Qatar Cruises would be upscale tourists from Europe, Asia and the Americas who have an annual income of $80,000 to $90,000. It would also target the young population, senior citizens who have recently retired and are looking for an adventurous experience, rich businessmen and honeymooners. The goal of Burj Qatar Cruises is to be the first one to bank on the Qatar government’s initiative to offer world-class luxury water cruising activity in the Gulf and become a formidable company that has widespread recognition, high brand value and immense customer satisfaction. Water cruising in the Gulf is currently limited to private cruising activity in small vessels called dhows and chartered luxury yachts that are organized by local tour operators and hotels in Qatar as well as other countries of the Middle East such as Dubai and Oman. Burj Qatar Cruises wishes to gain the first mover’s advantage by introducing full-fledged organized cruising in the Gulf in cruise ships that would give a luxurious experience to international tourists from the Americas, Europe and Asia. Company products and services Burj Qatar Cruises would offer top class luxury cruising services to tourists in Qatar. The first cruise ship that will be operational from 2014 would be

The Types of Fishing Lines Essay Example for Free

The Types of Fishing Lines Essay The fishing line is considered as the most important tool of the fisherman. It is crucial in the presentation of the bait and the lure, in the hooking of the fish and in the landing of the hooked fish. However, most anglers are still confused over the current types of fishing lines and their respective uses. This is ironic, considering that thorough knowledge of the different kinds and functions of fishing lines can vastly improve one’s fishing skills (Sutton, 2008). Monofilament The monofilament fishing line is the most commonly-used type of fishing line. It is used on different fishing applications due to its strength, flexibility and adaptability. The monofilament fishing line is created through the heating of a mixture of polymers into fluid. This fluid is then made to pass through minute holes to form linear strands. The diameter of a strand, as well as its pound test, is determined by the size of the hole on which it was molded from (Garrison, 2008). Braided The braided fishing line is exceptionally strong and is very reliable in particular fishing conditions. It is produced through the braiding or weaving into a strand of line fibers of synthetic materials such as Spectra or Micro-Dyneema. The substances in which the braided fishing line was made of render it very durable and abrasion-resistant. Most fishermen, however, complain that it is very visible in the water – a fish will not bite a lure that it can see for a long period of time (Garrison, 2008). Fluorocarbon The fluorocarbon fishing line is well-known for its near-invisibility in water. This is because it is a polymer that has the same refractive index (the ability of a substance to bend light that passes through it) as water. The fluorocarbon is also very suitable for fishing in strong currents – it is heavier than the monofilament, making it sink faster. Because the fluorocarbon is less porous than the monofilament, it lasts longer than the latter. The only drawbacks of the fluorocarbon is that its ridged structure makes it unable to keep a knot longer than a monofilament does and that its stiff quality makes it prone to breakage (Zubia, 2006). Conclusion The three types of fishing lines – monofilament, braided and fluorocarbon – are all important tools in fishing. However, their indispensability can only be realized and appreciated through proper usage. A fisherman must know when, where and how to use them. Only then can the monofilament, braided and fluorocarbon can fully serve their respective purposes. References Garrison, R. About. com. (2008). What You Need to Know about Braided Fishing Line. Retrieved September 16, 2008, from http://fishing. about. com/library/weekly/aa110302a. htm Garrison, R. About. com. (2008). What You Need to Know about Monofilament Fishing Line. Retrieved September 16, 2008, from http://fishing.about. com/library/weekly/aa111702a. htm MSN Encarta. (2008). Fishing. Retrieved September 16, 2008, from http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761556314/Fishing. html Sutton, K. Bass Pro Shops. (2008). Choosing the Right Fishing Line. Retrieved September 16, 2008, from http://www. basspro. com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/CFPage? CMID=objectID=2943 Zubia, T. HookUpSportsfishing. (2006, May 13). Fluorocarbon Fishing Line. Retrieved September 16, 2008, from http://www. hookupsportfishing. com/forum/forum270/thread6433. html

Strategic Planning and Strategic Objectives Essay Example for Free

Strategic Planning and Strategic Objectives Essay An ongoing improvement plan can increase the quality of a product or service an organization produces. To develop a successful improvement plan, an organization must have a well-designed strategic plan that is in agreement with the mission and visions of the organization. This paper will discuss how quality is linked to 3Ms strategic plan objectives, analyze the process improvement plan that the organization currently uses and give examples of the tools and techniques used to measure quality. Lastly, this paper will show who has the ultimate responsibility for quality assurance, and the extent to which the organizations process improvement plan is related to the organizations strategic plan. Strategic planning and strategic objectives allow an organization to achieve consistency and competitive advantage for its management and products. When used effectively, both are linked to improving the quality of the organizations product through effective time management, total quality management, and mass customization (Melnyk Swink, 2005). 3M is aware of the importance of effective strategic planning and strategic objections and how both are connected to continuously improving quality products. 3M promotes quality inside and out and is proud to announce their Quality Statement: 3M promises you innovation, quality products and service from a company you can trust (3M, 2007). Their quality policy is to develop, produce, and deliver on time, products and services that exceed their customers expectations. In order to make this happen, 3M has implemented rigorous quality systems that are continuously being improved to keep up with customers demands. In addition, their manufacturing and service operations are registered to the internationally recognized ISO 9001 quality standard. 3M places a strong emphasis on quality design, utilizing problems and waste prevention to build quality into their products and processes. All 3M products are manufactured to 3M specifications and undergo testing to assure conformance. Continuous improvement at 3M has become a way of life. One of the key  strategies of all their manufacturing locations is to constantly improve their processes. Each site uses a quality tool kit to help meet objectives. 3M also uses many customer satisfaction measurements to determine their performance in the marketplace. The main driver of their continual improvement efforts for their business and manufacturing processes is Six Sigma (3M, 2007). Melnyk, S., Swink, M. (2005). Value-driven operations management: an integrated modular approach. The McGraw-Hill Companies. 3M (2007). Quality statement. Retrieved on October 15, 2007 from www.3m.com

Acme Is A Large Pharmaceutical Company Information Technology Essay

Acme Is A Large Pharmaceutical Company Information Technology Essay ACME is a large pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh. In all districts, it opened branches. So that why, they need communication technology, which way they can get all information about their product and that why they need a website. In Bangladesh the pharmaceutical sector is one of the most developed hi-tech sectors which is contributing in the countrys economy. After the promulgation of Drug Control Ordinance 1982, the development of this sector was accelerated. The ACME Laboratories Ltd, the pharmaceutical major and the flagship Company of the ACME Group, is a Manufacturer and Global exporter of Human, Herbal and Veterinary Pharmaceutical products. Since its inception in 1954, Chapter 2 Initial Study 2.1. Introduction: In Bangladesh the pharmaceutical sector is one of the most developed hi-tech sectors which is contributing in the countrys economy. After the promulgation of Drug Control Ordinance 1982, the development of this sector was accelerated. The ACME Laboratories Ltd, the pharmaceutical major and the flagship Company of the ACME Group, is a Manufacturer and Global exporter of Human, Herbal and Veterinary Pharmaceutical products. Since its inception in 1954, The ACME Laboratories Ltd, has been working relentlessly with a vision to ensure health, vigour and happiness for all and is on a perpetual quest for excellence. 2.2. Company Background: ACME Group is one of the leading and diversified global conglomerates in Bangladesh, with offices in all major cities, employing over 3000+ employees and dedicated to  bringing the highest quality products and services to our customers. They have an annual turnover of US $60 million with diversified interests in Pharmaceuticals, FMCG, Information Technology Services, Aviation Services, Printing Packaging Services, Trading Services, C F Services, Apparels and more. The ACME Laboratories Ltd, the pharmaceutical major and the flagship Company of the ACME Group. The history of The ACME Laboratories Ltd. dates back to 1954 when a proprietorship firm was founded to manufacture ethical drugs. It started with the modest introduction of a few oral liquid products. The late Hamidur Rahman Sinha was the founder of the firm and was the main visionary of the organization until his sad demise in 1994. The firm was converted into a private Limited company in the year 1976. Commercial operation at the modernized plant equipped with sophisticated and advanced facilities began toward the end of 1983. The Company has adopted the ISO-9001-2008 and WHO CGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) standards. All employees must adhere to the documented procedures and SOPs (Standard Operating Procedure).Many challenges were overcome successfully to transform the company from a small unit to what it is today. Out of about 300 pharmaceutical companies in the country, The ACME Labs is one of the top four. 2.3. Description of current system: The ACME Laboratories Ltd. Has invested in state of the art formulation plants aligned to regulated market standards. Four plants based on the Dhaka site can produce pharmaceutical products to the highest GMP specifications. These plants have been designed by internationally recognized firms and equipped with the best machines that can currently be found on the European and US markets. The ACME Laboratories Ltd. normally based on a current local system, for what, it has a local larger marketing side all over in Bangladesh. Their total selling systems depend on marketing system. More than 1200 Medical Representatives of human sector, around 300 Medical Representatives of veterinary sector are the current worker of the marketing side of The ACME Laboratories Ltd. The MR is responsible to communicate with the customers. There are two kind of MR. One is called Buffer. Their duty is to stay in hospital and collect all prescription. And another Mr.s duty is to communicate with the doctor a nd chemist and motivate them for the products and take orders. The Area manager is always responsible for the Medical Representatives. Their duties are to observe t the proper communication between MR and The ACME Laboratories Ltd. The Customer, If any problem occurs, he will report to Regional Sales Manager who is responsible for fulfill the requirements of MR and customers. His duty is also to replace and rearrange MR for all area zone and also concern for the delivery of product on time. The Assistant sales manager is one of the head of marketing side, who is direct communicating with the management. His duty is to inspect all marketing area and be aware about their service. He takes all responsibilities to build up their marketing proposal comparing with other competitors. So their total marketing system is based on door to door. 2.4. Problem with the current system: If the current system of The ACME Laboratories Ltd. Is analyzed, then it shows some lacks of current system such as communication gap, mistiming, over cost. Like the total selling system is based on door to door. So sometimes the MR fails to meet with the customer. Though they can meet, they dont get enough time to promote their product. Even sometimes the customer feels disturb for them. So this is a big weak point for the current system. Another weak point is timing. When an order has been taken, it was taken in paper. There are lots of order has been taken in a time. So it may be happened to lose one order or forget to rearrange on time. Today in every business sector, there are lots of competitions. So to buildup the business, it needs to be careful about the price. As there is communication gap between the MR and the management, they dont get the right track for the product cost comparing with the competitors. So some products carry high value which is not affordable for our peo ple. So the current marketing system of The ACME Laboratories Ltd is not a proper system for the business. 2.5. Boundary of the project: As ACME is a group of companies, here we are only working for ACME Laboratories Ltd. And we only concern to improved the marketing system and introduce the products to customer. So, as we concern only for product, our aim is only to improve website system better than previous website. 2.6. Aims of the project: If the company needs to fulfill their requirements and update their current system , it is suggested that they should have a software which one can communicate directly between the customers and the employees of The ACME Laboratories Ltd. This software can be web based, where the employees and the customers inform their requirement and the problem to the management. Even the company can promote their all new or old products in that software and the customer will get the information about their requirements and directly can order from this software. So it will save time and money. 2.7. Summary: Though The ACME Laboratories Ltd is a leading Pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh but it has lots of competitors. So to continue with a good future, it should be upgrade its whole system .So for the marketing side, if they are able to get a software, which can be fulfill their requirements, They will get a standard feedback from this side. May be this will be a great step to lead in Pharmaceutical business. Chapter 3 Feasibility study 3.1 Introduction: In order to make wise investments in a marketplace experiencing increasing levels of risk, companies are turning to feasibility studies to determine, if they should offer new products, services or undertake a new business endeavor. The purpose of a feasibility study is to determine if a business opportunity is possible, practical and viable. So, when therell be a proposal for the improvement of The ACME Laboratories, firstly this should be need to know that are they alright or do they agree with the conditions of the proposal system? 3.2 Alternate solutions: The current system of ACME Laboratories is totally manual. It totally depends on the marketing employee. So the management is always moving their decision according to employees report. For that reason some times they facing commutation problem and misguided. To solve this problem, they need a proper solution which may be based on computer program system such as may be a software or website. 3.3 The proposed system: There may be a proposal, which we suggest and decided by the management of ACME Laboratories, to make a website, which can be solve the current problems and guide the company for making the system easier. Advantages: (of the web site): If the company accept the proposal of website, they will be benefited in sever always. Like, itll solve the communicate problem between the employees and the management. Company can save the cost, what they spend for the knocking to the customer and also they can save their time as well to take appointments and order from the customers. So, this website can bring a new system for the company, which will lead the company to the go further. Disadvantage: (of the web site): Therell be some disadvantages for this proposal. First they need setup everything for use a website. Itll take some cost. And some of employees are not familiar with the internet and website. So it will face problem to operate it. Even the company will always need the internet connection.If they face any problem for connection,may be itll stop the whole system and make it delay to process. 3.4 Feasibility consideration 3.4.1 Technical feasibility: When, therell be a proposal for a company, Firstly it needs to know ,the system of the proposal are suitable for the system. Like, for the website, first, it should be notice about the technical feasibility of the company. Because ,they have to have computers for every sectors, where there need to be communicate. And also need to be noticed about the flexibility of connection. If, there is a positive result about the technical feasibility, then the proposal can be proceed further. 3.4.2 Economical feasibility: For the proposal, it need to be ensure about the economical feasibility. Because for the web application they need some computers .So itll take some cost. Also they have to pay the internet bill and a charge for the Domain and hosting charge per year. So, if the company accepts the budget for the proposal, then itll be carry on. 3.4.3 Operational feasibility: When there will be a technical proposal, it should be notice about the operational feasibility. Because, they need to operate the system and update all new information. So they must need to know about the operational knowledge about the website. Maybe, some employee needs to be trained up. So, if they are able to do it, then the proposal can be proceed on. 3.5 Summary: This feasibility consideration is helping the developer to understand if the company has the ability to use this website. Developer can also understand the range of the company which can help him to develop the website. Chapter 4 Requirement analysis specification 4.1 Introduction: ACME is a large pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh. In all districts, it opened branches. So that why, they need communication technology, which way they can get all information about their product and that why they need a website, which can fulfill these requirements. To get information about their requirement, we took an interview so that the website, which we are going to make fulfill their needs. 4.2 Interview record: As, we are going to make a website for ACME Laboratories, at first, we need to know their requirements. For that reason, we took an appointment with the company Assistant Sales Manager Mr. Jafarullah. Interview was arranged on 23rd May, 2010 at 11:00am. On that day, we met with Mr. Jafarullah and gathered the requirements and record all details. This interview helped us a lot to get an idea about the website. 4.3 DFD of existing system: Require Products Process product 1 Sales representative Customer M1 Product info Confirm availability Product Order Process Order 3 Sales representative Customer Confirm order M2 Order info Response pay Figure: DFD diagram for current system 4.4 Requirements catalogue: Requirement ID ACME 1 Requirement name Products Info Business activity Marketing Products Source Website Owner MD. Functional requirement Input products info Benefits To introduce current product to customer Comments Entry products list Requirement ID ACME 2 Requirement name Update Info Business activity Marketing for new products Source Website Priority Company employee Owner MD. Functional requirement Add new products info Benefits Introduce the new products to customer Comments Add / Delete products list 4.5 DFD of proposed system: D1 Product info Process Products 1. Products Enter data Staff Select products for order Saves quantity information 2 Products View product Customer D1 Product info Figure: DFD diagram for proposed system 4.6 Elementary process description: ID Process name Description 1.1 Information collection Collected information from Assistant sales manager of ACME Laboratories Ltd. 1.2 Products list They provide a book, from where we got the product name and details. 1.3 Make a proposal for a website We submitted a proposal for a website and they approved it. 1.4 The required of website Required a website where they can update or delete information by themselves. 1.5 Type of website This will be a dynamic website, what we are going to make. 1.6 Overall progress We showed a demo to the assistant sales manager and he was impressed. 4.7 Entity relationship diagram: Customer Staff Sales Representative 4.8 Entity description: In the DFD diagram of the existing system, name of some entities have been mentioned. Description of these entities is given below. Entity name Description Customer Name Responsible for bye product. Staff Responsible for Data store. Sales Representative Responsible for Order product. 4.9 Data catalog: Data item Description Database Process Product Input all data of the current product Insert Date Manufacturing Date Insert Update new product If any new product is made, that would be updated. Insert Delete product If they want to remove product from database, they can delete it Delete 4.10 Summary: At the end of this stage, requirement analysis and specification helped us to gather all information and idea of our proposed website. Chapter 5 System deign 5.1. Introduction: Based on the user requirements and the detailed analysis of a new system, the new system must be designed. This is the phase of system designing. It is a most crucial phase in the development of a system. Normally, the design proceeds in stages 5.2. Logical design and description: ACME Laboratories Ltd ACME PHOTO HOME ABOUT ACME PRODUCTS SUPPORT CONTACTS Latest News Welcome to ACME Copyright  © 2010. DIIT 5.3. Sitemap: About ACME HOME Products Support Contacts Allopathic Herbal Add Products 5.4. Summary: ACME website Sample has been designed. There sketches will be used to design. There are some logical diagram have been added on this document. Chapter 6 Coding 6.1. Home page: Welcome to ACME if( $_GET){ if( file_exists( includes/pages/.$_GET[page]..php)) include( includes/pages/.$_GET[page]..php ); else include( includes/pages/default.php ); }else include( includes/pages/default.php ); ?> Copyright  © 2010. DIIT window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"de6e6cfad9","applicationID":"221047987","transactionName":"bl0HMhMFDEYCWhJeWlcXMBQISwdGEFgfRBpYShEPAggHGxNRFg==","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":1,"atts":"QhoERFsfH0g=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""} Chapter 7 Testing 7.1. Introduction: Testing a product seems very simple. It involves ensuring the product works as intended and does not fail. This is what we strive to achieve when testing program code. When some one read text books on testing there he/she will find that verification and validation is the name given to the checking and analysis processes that ensure the software conforms to its specification and meets the needs requirements of the customer. 7.2. Unit test: Method Value entered Expected result Runtime result Comments Add Product AP(Allophathic) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Successful Add Product HP (Herbal) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Successful Add Product AP (Herbal) ÃÆ'- ÃÆ'- Error 7.3. Link test: Page Link Expected result Runtime result Comments Home Index.php à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Successful ABOUT ACME index.php?page=about à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Successful PRODUCTS index.php?page=products à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ ÃÆ'- Error SUPPORT index.php?page=support à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Successful CONTACTS index.php?page=contacts à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ ÃÆ'- Error 7.4. Summary: The documentation of testing is critically important and we descried a scheme that provides both good documentation and a framework for test management. I gave some guidelines for test design, but recognized that this is a difficult problem which cannot be automated. Chapter 8 Implementation 8.1. Introduction: The implementation phase is typically terminated b a formal acceptance process, when the business manager declares that she/he is satisfied that the system meets its objectives and sign off takes place. New Computer equipment needed. Users need to be trained. Data transferred from an old web system. New data entered. 8.2. Maintenance plan: The maintenance stage begins once the implementation is complete. This is typical of many medium size organizations. In larger companies, a full-time maintenance team may carry out all this work. Maintenance includes error fixing, updates and modifications which are necessary because requirements are incorrectly understood or specified, requirements analysis is not complete in time, and the needs of the business have changed. 8.3. Summary: Implementation and maintenance is most important part of the project. The ACME must use a responsible person to take responsibility. Chapter 9 Limitations and future plan 9.1. Limitations: 9.1.1. This site is not fully dynamic (Only products page is dynamic) 9.1.2. Contacts page is not work. 9.1.3. Menu cannot add because there have a flash. 9.2. Future plan: 9.2.1. This site will be a fully dynamic. 9.2.2. Contacts page will be work when page is hosting a web. 9.2.3. Admin will be added new menu. Chapter 10 Conclusion All work successfully completed. Now the website is ready for use. During implementation careful steps had to be taken so that it can get desired environment as needed. Limitations and future plan will be helpful for developing a more efficient website next time.

Good Eats :: essays research papers fc

Good Eats A pig isn’t dumb. In the old Chicago slaughterhouses, pigs lifted by their hindquarters knew something bad was about to happen. With their throats slit they could unleash a hellish scream. Their lifeless bodies then passed along the rest of the disassembly line. America has moved on from that point in history. In America it could be said that the 20th century was spent recognizing those America had forgotten. America has changed its perceptions about race, sex, and homosexuality however Americans have not been as progressive when it comes to animals. As a result the health of many Americans is questionable. With the number of baby boomers growing older, America could be facing a health care crisis. With our current values of equality, and a respect for all life, it is not ethical moral or even logical to consume the flesh of other animals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For some the barrier between animals and people will always be obvious. We rule, they serve. Considering the socio-political events of the past century that view of animals should be considered primitive. If surveyed some people would respond that animals are here for our use citing biblical reasons, or stating animals are obviously inferior to human beings using a sort of natural law argument.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  True enough in nature other animals eat other animals. That is an undeniable fact that some say justifies meat eating. To a certain extent we are no different from other animals in that we have dietary needs. The only problem is with this natural law argument is individuals often mention how much smarter we are than other animals. Is intelligence what justifies our dominance of animals for our own benefit? I guess if inferiority or superiority is based on the ability to comprehend and practice math, science, and art, then yes animals are inferior. Infants don’t develop the cognitive ability to perform such tasks until later in life when they learn from their parents and then eventually school. As persuasive as Jonathan Swift’s proposal is, people aren’t eating infants and babies. The logic of the inferior argument is essentially a cow is dumb so it is ok to eat a steak. Next time you sit down to a large steak dinner ask yourself, â€Å"was th is dumb piece of meat someone’s dad?† Intelligence is not a good enough reason to ethically justify eating meat. There are sections of the human population who we should then also consider eating. Good Eats :: essays research papers fc Good Eats A pig isn’t dumb. In the old Chicago slaughterhouses, pigs lifted by their hindquarters knew something bad was about to happen. With their throats slit they could unleash a hellish scream. Their lifeless bodies then passed along the rest of the disassembly line. America has moved on from that point in history. In America it could be said that the 20th century was spent recognizing those America had forgotten. America has changed its perceptions about race, sex, and homosexuality however Americans have not been as progressive when it comes to animals. As a result the health of many Americans is questionable. With the number of baby boomers growing older, America could be facing a health care crisis. With our current values of equality, and a respect for all life, it is not ethical moral or even logical to consume the flesh of other animals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For some the barrier between animals and people will always be obvious. We rule, they serve. Considering the socio-political events of the past century that view of animals should be considered primitive. If surveyed some people would respond that animals are here for our use citing biblical reasons, or stating animals are obviously inferior to human beings using a sort of natural law argument.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  True enough in nature other animals eat other animals. That is an undeniable fact that some say justifies meat eating. To a certain extent we are no different from other animals in that we have dietary needs. The only problem is with this natural law argument is individuals often mention how much smarter we are than other animals. Is intelligence what justifies our dominance of animals for our own benefit? I guess if inferiority or superiority is based on the ability to comprehend and practice math, science, and art, then yes animals are inferior. Infants don’t develop the cognitive ability to perform such tasks until later in life when they learn from their parents and then eventually school. As persuasive as Jonathan Swift’s proposal is, people aren’t eating infants and babies. The logic of the inferior argument is essentially a cow is dumb so it is ok to eat a steak. Next time you sit down to a large steak dinner ask yourself, â€Å"was th is dumb piece of meat someone’s dad?† Intelligence is not a good enough reason to ethically justify eating meat. There are sections of the human population who we should then also consider eating.

Comparing Martin Luther King Jr. and Henry David Thoreau :: Compare Contrast Comparison

By acting civil but disobedient you are able to protest things you don't think are fair, non-violently. Henry David Thoreau is one of the most important literary figures of the nineteenth century. Thoreau?s essay 'Civil Disobedience,' which was written as a speech, has been used by many great thinkers such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Ghandi as a map to fight against injustice. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a pastor that headed the Civil Rights movement. He was a gifted speaker and a powerful writer whose philosophy was non-violent but direct action. Dr.King?s strategy was to have sit-ins, boycotts, and marches. Dr. King's 'Letter from Birmingham Jail' was based on the principles of Thoreau's 'Civil Disobedience'. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Henry David Thoreau are exceptional persuasive writers. Even though both writers are writing on ways to be civil but disobedient, they have opposite ways of convicing you. Dr. King is religious, gentle and apologetic, focusing on whats good for the group; while Thoreau is very aggressive and assertive for his own personal hate against the government. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Henry David Thoreau have the same ideas, but view them differently. Dr. King wants to ultimately raise awareness and open doors for the better of a group. Thoreau wants more individual rights for people. Dr. King is explaining his view of conscience: I submit that an individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  unjust, and willingly accepts the penalty by staying in jail to arouse the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  conscience of the community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  very highest respect for the law (Martin Luther King, p. 521).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This quote shows Dr. King?s opinion on going to jail. King knows that he was unjustly put into jail. He accepts going to jail even though he was put in jail wrongly. The community then knows of the injustice and should pressure the government. The other thing that happens is King is respecting the law by obeying it. He is a peaceful man and wants justice, but believes in following the rules peacefully to get the job done. Thoreau feels that conscience plays a more personal role. Can there not be a government in which majorities do not virtually decide   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  right and wrong, but conscience?... Must the citizen ever for a moment, or   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  in the least degree, resign his conscience to the legislator? Why has every   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  man a conscience, then. I think that we should be men first, and subject   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  afterward (Henry David Thoreau, p.581). Thoreau is questioning why majorities make the rules.

Ecological Threats Essay

A cycle is a series of change which comes back to the starting point and which can be repeated.[1][2] The term â€Å"biogeochemical† tells us that biological, geological and chemical factors are all involved. The circulation of chemical nutrients like carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and water etc. through the biological and physical world are known as biogeochemical cycles. In effect, the element is recycled, although in some cycles there may be places (called reservoirs) where the element is accumulated or held for a long period of time (such as an ocean or lake for water).[1][2] Water, for example, is always recycled through the water cycle, as shown in the diagram. The water undergoes evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, falling back to Earth clean and fresh. Elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another through the biogeochemical cycles. Systems Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis and are found in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms. These are Chloroplasts visible in the cells of Plagiomnium affine — Many-fruited Thyme-moss. Ecological systems also known as ecosystems have many biogeochemical cycles operating as a part of the system, for example the water cycle, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, etc. All chemical elements occurring in organisms are part of biogeochemical cycles. In addition to being a part of living organisms, these chemical elements also cycle through abiotic factors of ecosystems such as water (hydrosphere), land (lithosphere), and/or the air (atmosphere).[3] The living factors of the planet can be referred to collectively as the biosphere. All the nutrients—such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur—used in ecosystems by living organisms are a part of a closed system; therefore, these chemicals are recycled instead of being lost and replenished constantly such as in an open system.[3] The flow of energy in an ecosystem is an open system; the sun constantly gives the planet energy in the form of light while it is eventually used and lost in the form of heat throughout the trophic levels of a food web. Carbon is used to make carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, the major sources of food energy. These compounds are oxidized to release carbon dioxide, which can be captured by plants to make organic compounds. The chemical reaction is powered by the light energy of the sun. It is possible for an ecosystem to obtain energy without sunlight. Carbon must be combined with hydrogen and oxygen in order to be utilized as an energy source, and this process depends on sunlight. Ecosystems in the deep sea, where no sunlight can penetrate, use sulfur. Hydrogen sulfide near hydrothermal vents can be utilized by organisms such as the giant tube worm. In the sulfur cycle, sulfur can be forever recycled as a source of energy. Energy can be released through the oxidation and reduction of sulfur compounds (e.g., oxidizing elemental sulfur to sulfite and then to sulfate). Although the Earth constantly receives energy from the sun, its chemical composition is essentially fixed, as additional matter is only occasionally added by meteorites. Because this chemical composition is not replenished like energy, all processes that depend on these chemicals must be recycled.

My Ideal Career

My ideal career goal is to successfully complete all necessary training to become a proficient source of protection to our nation. My first desires are becoming a part of the U. S. Marshal forces or joining a Crime Scene Investigating team. I am open to various fields throughout the Criminal Justice system as long as I’m making a difference in the everyday lives of others. I chose this path because of my eight year military background involving tours with the Marine Corps and the Army National Guard.I served fifteen months overseas in Iraq with the Army National Guard where every day was a challenge to restore order. I fed off of the motivation of my fellow troops and my own motivation to make an impact on the lives of the people in Iraq. The careers that have my interest have many similarities that I have been trained on over the years. I chose this profession because I hold a passion for law enforcement and the military close to my heart. In this type of work, a bond forms b etween co-workers that lasts a lifetime. I am not only motivated to make a difference in the communities, but also motivated to join the ranks of a new family.Every day should be adventurous and my motivation for this type of work will allow me to push above and beyond the call of duty. Receiving my college education will boost my level of skills and support my military background to help me find work in various specialized fields. Currently my military background would allow me to have a job under Law Enforcement, but having a degree will allow me to move further along in my career to higher positions and more responsibility, which in return leads to making more money. My education in Criminal Justice plus my military background will both be the backbone to a new beginning.

Document Analysis The Marriage of the Virgin Essay

I have chosen The Marriage of the Virgin as a document analysis because I want to contrast this work with works of Perugino, especially Christ giving the Keys to St Peter (1481-1482) and also The Marriage of the Virgin (1500-1504). Raphael was commissioned to produce the work by the Albizzini family of Citta di Castello (scala 8) for the chapel of St Joseph in the Church of San Francesco. In comparison to the two works of Perugino the similarities are easily recognised. However although we can date Perugino’s earlier work between 1481and1482, his Marriage of the Virgin can only be dated from between 1500 and 1504. Raphael helpfully named himself and dated his work in the middle of the temple and so we know definitely it was finished in 1504, so although it would seem likely, one should be cautious to date Perugino’s Marriage of the Virgin earlier than Raphael’s. In 1504 Raphael was twenty one years old and was still an apprentice in the school of Perugino,and he executed it prior to his stay in Florence, and so it is natural to assume his work was still greatly influenced by his master. The painting has significant parallels with the Christ giving the Keys to St Peter in the Sistine Chapel. As in the earlier fresco, Raphael uses the same structural format. The pavilion is the dominating central focus which gives the depth of the scene in relation to the figures of the foreground. The figures between the pavilion and the frontal scene is proportional in size  and shows Raphael’s confidence in the use of perspective. The landscape shows the influence of Perugino, the viewer may get a sense of tranquility and stillness which one may also associate with the actual landscapes of Umbria, and speaking from experience I certainly did. When looking in detail at the figures in the foreground one can see the influence of Perugino within the faces of the characters. The faces of the ladies and indeed the men either side of the Joseph and Mary all have the serene, graceful and introspective qualities one would associate with Perugino. The ladies with their small mouths seem hard to differentiate from Perugino’s own figures.From these similarities it may be said that at this time Raphael was truly a disciple of Perugino and Painter in his style. Although there is much to associate Raphael with the school of Perugino within this painting, there can also be seen that within the work Raphael has started to move away from his masters style and also out-master the master! Bruno Santi in â€Å"Raphael, The Great Masters of Art† (p10) writes of Raphael’s superiority in the use of Perspective in comparison to Perugino. He cites Perugino’s fresco in the Sistine chapel is developed horizontally which is characteristic of the Quattrocento whereas Raphael uses a ‘well developed’ circular composition. The temple in Raphael’s representation is a polygonal building seemingly more complex than Perugino’s temple but perfectly portrayed and gives one a sense of Raphael’s complete confidence of the new architectural designs which were emerging through people such as Bramante and Da Vinci and it has been argued that their influence can be seen in this work.

The Waiting Girl

The image that I have chosen to research is The waiting Girl by Loretta Lux. The image was published in 2006 in Germany. The image is about time and timelessness, the girl and the cat are frozen in time waiting for eternity. The little girl is simply waiting for nothing it is like what ever gets thrown at her next will be her opportunity. The waiting girl is one of Loretta’s best works; it is also one of her most famous work. Stated by Loretta â€Å"I started with the idea of a girl sitting on the sofa waiting for nothing in particular and the cat came into the idea later. I love cats and I had to try and incorporate cats into my images for a long time but never worked but this time worked extremely well†. The image shows a little girl sitting on a chair and a cat laying next to her. This image shows the innocence of the little girl with her legs crossed, her hair in two buns, and her clothing so pail and vintage. You will not see many young girls dressed like this today. The chair is the first thing that is noticed in the image it is the colour red being bright and red the meaning of love, waiting for something to happen and for her life to carry on and a child’s life should. The colour’s used in this photograph are pail and as known now vintage colour’s. The girl, cat, wall and floor are all mostly in the same tones and blend in with each other this which then makes the chair center of attention and is the most appealing aspect to the eye. Above the lounge there is a bow, which also shows the innocence of the little girl and her childhood. The meaning of each colour relates back to this image: Red the colour of fire and blood, energy, danger, strength, power, passion, desire, and love. Beige the colour of warmth. Brown the colour of stability, reliability, approachability, natural and organic. White is the colour of purity. The texture of this image looks smooth but the lounge is rough and so is the floor, this gives the image an effect of time, meaning that the chair and floor have now changed over time we now have smooth floors e. g- carpet and tiles, and the lounges today are now soft and made out of soft fabrics and leather. The image does not represent a historical time although we could say it does, the vintage colours, the innocence of the little girl, the lounge which we do not see often at all these days. Though the look if the image is of a very heritage era. Size is a factor in the image the by the size of the lounge compared to the girl and the cat. The girl is of a very small proportion of the image where space overrides the image. The reason I chose this image is because it caught my eye and it had a impact on me, this image caught my emotions. I thought it would be a good image to talk about although there is not much detail on this image. The image is very simple and plain and shows the innocence of young girls growing up. It reminded me of when I was growing up and how different things were. It was all about playing and getting out hands dirty, but when compared to this image it is the complete opposite. It’s all about the sweet innocence of the young girl. The image that I chose I think is a good one, it can relate to many things in a childhood. Nearly every girl who sees this will feel the connection with the image some may feel exactly the same and others like my self may feel opposite. There were two ways of being brought up the classy/ elegant way or the casual way. Many of us girls today can relate to the casual way is it is now the 21st century. My overall response to this image is that I think that it was portrayed very well, without even reading about the image many people would understand the image and have a connection with it. I really like this photo and I find it very detailed once you look into the image and find out more about it and find out that there is more behind this image than we can see. I believe that every image has a story and has its own message behind it and to me I find that this message being sent out about this image is that time s the main factor in our daily lives. It’s what ever gets thrown at us many of us will take. I find this image a very appealing image and believe that behind every image there is a story, and this image does have a story and that is that life is based on time. Every artist looks at things completely different and have there own thoughts on there images but in most cases it is something that has related to their lives and in this case it is Loretta related this image to her upbringing and her love for cats. In conclusion, this image is fantastic I find it very appealing although it is very simple it does have a detailed background and is an eye catching image. I find that the colour’s work very well with the theme of innocence and time the natural colours and show the purity of the girl. Though when we compare these colour’s to todays colour’s they are very different we now use very bright colours and show the excitement in the child’s life. The image is worth all the attention that it receives and has more and more comments about it every day, each person has a different opinion but I find this very appealing and attractive.

Asia pacific

Asia pacific Diageo c consists of Australia, the People's Republic of China, Republic Of Korea, Japan, Siam, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia India and Nz. Diageo operates using several joint-venture partners in Asia Pacifi c. In Singapore, Malaya, Hong Kong and Macau, the People's Republic of China, Siam and Japan, Diageo directs nearly all its spirits manufacturers through partnership plans with Moà «t Hennessy. Diageo has created in-industry businesses in China (for manufacturers not a part of the partnership including Smirnoff and Baileys) and Vietnam (for most manufacturers). In Taiwan and Republic Of Korea, the own supply firms of Diageo deliver a lot of the manufacturers of Diageo. Throughout the year ended 30 Kirin and Diageo Brewery Co Ltd created a partnership lead to the increase goals of both firms and to increase supply of Diageo goods. Kirin today directs Smirnoff Ice and beer. Additional wine and spirits brands, which will not be written by both Kirin or the partnership, are managed by 3rd parties. In Malaya, Diageo's own and third-party drinks are made and written by means of a detailed enterprise (Guinness Anchor Berhad) where Diageo and its associate, Asia Pacifi c Breweries, get many share by means of a mutually managed joint venture firm. In Singapore, Asia Pacific Breweries brew and distributed the ale manufacturers of Diageo. In India, supply of both imported and locally-produced goods is realized by means of a mixture of Diageo's own supply v third party vendors. Deliver and a partnership continues to be created to make specific superior spirits that are nearby, the fi rst that was Master-Stroke. Pillsbury Mills Diageo got an expense in the shares of Common Mls around the removal of Pillsbury. Diageo marketed 50-million shares of frequent inventory Generally Mls and transferred an additional 4-million shares to Diageo and the British pension finance quit in order to become liate of Basic Mls for US government securities regulations goals then. Diageo offered its staying 25 zillion shares of typical inventory of Basic Generators. Hamburger King Dec 2002 Diageo finished the removal of Hamburger King on 1-3. Environmental facets Diageo attempts to fulfi l its obligations including through analyzing its influence about its particular guidelines associated with neighborhood and societal issues in addition to workers and the surroundings. Diageo h-AS established stretching goals to decrease its influence around the surroundings, and also to t the company, the towns where it manages as well as the earth. The exec environmental team that is operating accounts for establishing coverage. This year, the operating team modified and reissued Diageo's environment plan to refl etc the higher Dream the firm h AS for progress that is environment. The coverage is backed by the danger administration framework which supplies a system for tracking conformity and establishes execution standards of Diageo. As said In the plan of Diageo, the institution's measures about the health of the planet are intended in mild of current medical knowledge , nor ride on having complete proof specifi c harm, thereby assisting the notion of a preventative strategy. The launch of greenhouse gases - particularly carbon - comes with a direct effect on climatechange which, possibly indirectly or immediately, gift ideas substantial threat equally to earth along with company. The threat contain effects around the farming which the business depends for raw supplies, dislocation of the Firm's developments to supply or the character of customer need, and these of associates that are industrial or businesses. Diageo presumes the threats from climate-change may be mitigated if emits of greenhouse gases were enough reduced and, by its very nature, spent some time working for a long time to decrease immediate emissions (from powers) and in-direct pollutants (from electricity). Diageo recognises that its achievement as time goes by may count inpart to the abundance of the towns in the robustness of its own associations with these communities and which the firm manages. Helping long-lasting lasting projects in the communities where Diageo does company progress growth of the towns, employs workers, establishes the business's standing and improves its Associations with additional stakeholders as well as authorities. Diageo targets jobs that produce abilities, boost use of water, answer organic catastrophes, assistance workers and encourage efficiency. Diageo requires delight in its Report of neighborhood investment. Nearly all of the expense comes all over the world in a type of money, inkind contributions and offer period from companies. Additionally, it has help for the city characteristics of liable ingesting jobs and awards from the Foundation from the Accountable Drinking Finance of Diageo. As well as world-wide Projects, Diageo helps direct participation by workers to help towns that are neighborhood. In economic conditions that were tough, Diageo workers selected World Water Day-To reveal their dedication to the business's community plan through coordinated actions to get the Africa Water of Li Fe of Diageo plan. There were 30 ‘Make a Dash' occasions including enjoyable times, half-marathons, composing competitions as well as water conservation matches to love, in 20 states for their loved ones and workers. Over  £1.7 thousand was elevated and given to the Water of Existence 1Million Problem as well as additional neighborhood water tasks. Diageo manages worldwide and is a significant participator in the drink alcohol business that is brand-Ed. It offers worldclass manufacturers as well as a conduite group. The administration group needs to carry on its technique of growing globally, purchasing world-wide manufacturers and establishing revolutionary services and brands. Diageo redirects and creates a top range of wine, ale and brand-Ed superior spirits. The variety of superior manufacturers it creates and directs contains Captain Morgan bourbon, JB scotch whisky Tanqueray, Johnnie Walker whisky vodka Guinness stout In addition it also offers the submission privileges for the tequila manufacturers in a number of additional marketplaces and North America.

Tax burden on the middle class Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tax burden on the middle class - Thesis Example The seemingly unfair rich-poor balance in the state and local taxes has spurred discussions across different economic forums. Such imbalance has contributed immensely to the regressive tax system evident in many states. The tax burden is huge on the middle-class and low-class. The research utilized existing literature to find out whether the middle-class paid more tax than the upper-class and the lower-class taxpayers. Specifically, scholarly journals that had analyzed the topic were critical to the research. Additionally, recent reports from the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy were used in the research. The data is presented in the tables and graphs. The tax systems levy more taxes on the middle-class taxpayers than they do on the upper-class counterparts. A study by the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy indicated that many state tax systems tend to charge the low-and middle-income families a higher tax rate than the upper class counterparts. According to the study, the imbalance has contributed to the widening income inequality gap in which the middle and low-income households feel the negative implications of differential taxation rates. The poorest twenty percent of the low-income earners pay approximately 10.9 percent of their income to the local and state taxes (Davis et al 3). Similarly, the middle twenty percent of the US citizens contribute 9.4 percent of their income towards the tax. On the other hand, the rich taxpayers pay a mere 5.4 percent of their income to the local and state taxes (Davis et al 3). Notably, the tax systems burden the middle-class, as well as, the lower class at the expense of the wealthy t axpayers. However, taxation system in California has attempted to balance tax rates among the three classes. In California, the poorest citizens pay 10.5 percent, while the top one percent residents contribute 8.7 percent (Davis et al 21). Nonetheless, the tax rate gap is arguably wide. The

E-Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

E-Marketing - Essay Example This essay is a critical evaluation of their entry strategy and also an analysis of their entry strategy with models included to improve their strategy regarding e-marketing. Amazon is an American based company situated in Seattle, Washington. It was the first leading e-commerce company that successfully sold products online. The company was booming until the downfall of the IT industry in 1990’s and it had to face serious criticism from all sides. But the company faced the tests of time and emerged victorious after making a profit again in 2003. The founder of Amazon.com, Jeff Bezos started this company in 1995 as only an online book store but gradually the company diversified into new product categories. Amazon is now a virtual multinational since it has its separate websites in many companies around the world, namely; Japan, U.K. Germany, Austria, France, Canada and China. The site is accessible worldwide and it is a global company that is capable of shipping products all around the globe. Today Amazon is a huge name in the e-commerce industry and also a leading company in its genre. Currently, the company has been vying to enter into e-marketi ng that is selling products digitally over the internet instead of shipping them to every part of the globe. Since the company’s business model has always been swarmed with the shipping mania, it is now taking the conversion from traditional marketing to e-marketing very slowly so that business is fully integrated with no unit left behind and finally gushing towards the prime position successfully. They are still developing as an e-marketing firm and moving steadily to their desired destination. Amazon entered the market with the acquisition of mobipockets.com which is based in Paris. Amazon adopted a hush hush attitude towards the acquisition of the company that is now its subsidiary that sells products digitally online. It provides books online as a download for some

Self Compacting Concrete Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Self Compacting Concrete - Essay Example 26). SCC can be used in most applications where traditionally vibrated concrete is used. It is suitable for high performance, densely reinforced structures as well as for less demanding unreinforced applications for instance the backfill (Petersson, et al., 2000, pg. 3). SCC can be fibre reinforced and is equally applicable for in situ construction as well in precasting. It has the capability to fill formwork and encapsulate and condense reinforcing bars only through the action of gravity and with maintained homogeneity. This ability is achieved by designing the concrete in such a way that it gains suitable inherent rheological properties. These properties are achieved through by not subjecting the concrete to any exterior energy input from vibrators, tampering or comparable actions. The predominant reason for the development of SCC has been the concern for reduced durability that is cause by inadequate homogeneity of the cast concretes. However, SCC has also been used to improve the quality of concrete work and to allow for the ability for automation of the construction work as well as improve the working conditions on construction sites (Cleland, et al., 1996, pg. 483). Other benefits of SCC over other forms of concrete include, it can be placed at a speedier and swifter rate without the need for mechanical vibration and with reduced screeding and this results to savings in placement costs, there is better-quality and more uniform and consistent architectural surface finish with minimal to no remedial surface work, there is enhanced consolidation around reinforcement and bond with reinforcement, it improved pumpability and is labor savings, it shortens constructions periods which translates to lower construction costs and minimised the traffic of ready mixed t rucks and pumps for the period of placement and finally increased work environment safety by doing away with the

Specifying the components to build a PC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Specifying the components to build a PC - Essay Example Same is the case with other components. Let us consider that we want to buy a computer for our personal use. A personal computer (PC) does not need to have very high performance and costly components. The main components that should be the better ones are the processor and the RAM. Because these two components, if are of best capabilities, ensure the working performance of the whole system. A personal computer should be optimized for multimedia, gaming and application programs like word processors, spreadsheet programs, etc. It should be capable of running programs in parallel as most people like to listen to their favorite music while typing an email to one the best friends, etc. Computer games often contain a lot of transitional effects and animations, so LCD supportive to high resolutions will be a good choice. Budget is always the most important consideration in buying a computer. Always define a proper budget range in which you can easily afford to buy the computer. This will help you to decide the components that will be suitable to purchase within your budget range. After the budget is decided, make a list of the components that you want to be attached to your machine. In our scenario, let us consider that we have $800 budget in total. We will try to get the best possible components within this budget. Now we have to decide the components that are required for our computer. First we have to make a list of those components that are a must for the computer to work. These components are as follows: This is a list of all those components that are necessary for every personal computer to work properly. The system will have built-in VGA, sound card and an internal speaker. Now, we will try to take a look at these components in detail and try to get the best suited components within our budget and as per our requirements. If we look at the quotation given in the above section, it

The Relationship between Internet Activities and Depressive Symptoms Essay

The Relationship between Internet Activities and Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of College Freshmen - Essay Example Firstly, a review of the literature indicting a link between high Internet usage and depression shall be presented. Secondly, research that has found a connection between Internet usage and social phobia and anxiety will be provided, as well as studies that argue for Internet use as a psychological support. Next, sub-groups that appear to be most affected by high Internet use shall be identified. Finally, a conclusion shall synthesize the main points of this paper and make recommendations for future research. Many research papers investigating the effects of the Internet on individual psychology have pointed to its 'over-use' or addictive characteristics as a factor that maintains experiences of depression or other psychopathologies (Campbell, 2003). Recent figures estimate 20 million North Americans annually experience episodes of depression (Morgan & Cotton, 2003). For many North Americans, access to the Internet is easily available, many people owning a PC and having Internet access, or are able to access the Internet through schools, universities, Internet cafes, public libraries, their place of work, or even their mobile phones (Campbell, 2003; Sanders, Field, Diego & Kaplan, 2000). It has been argued that high use of the Internet is replacing time spent socializing, and subsequently access to social support mechanisms essential to psychological health, such as time with family and friends (Campbell, 2003).In a recent study of North American Internet users, 'high' Internet use was d efined as a users who spent three hours or more a day engaging with the world wide web. In contrast, 'low' Internet users were defined as people who spent less than one and a half hours a day on the web (Kraut et al., 1998 as cited in Sanders et al., 2000). A two-year longitudinal study investigated the use of Internet amongst families that had not previously owned a PC or were accessing the Internet on a regular basis (Kraut et al., 1998 as cited in Sanders et al., 2000). Results showed that higher levels of Internet use were positively related to a decrease in family interactions, as well as a reduction in social networks. A survey study utilized the Beck Depression Inventory Scale (BDI) as on online instrument to investigate the relationship between depression and high Internet use (Young & Rogers, 1998 as cited in Sanders et al., 2000). It was found that the average BDI scores of respondents who had been identified as high users, was between the mild to moderately depressed rang e of scores. Although another survey study undertaken by Sanders and colleagues (2000) found that adolescents who were high Internet users did not significantly experience more episodes of depression. However, interpretation of the results was tentative as the depression scale used, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), may not have been sensitive enough to detect depression symptoms in teenagers. It was also found that low Internet users experienced much more interactive and rewarding relationships with their friends and family.Alternatively, literature has also identified a relationship between high Internet use and other negative psychological experiences, such as social phobia and anxiety (Campbell, 2003). A study by Campbell (2003) investigated the relationship between social phobia and anxiety, as well as depression, and high levels of Interne

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 191

Summary - Essay Example Most reviewers have given positive comments about the film and commended it as a classic production. The plot is cast deep in the Chechen Mountains in a war environment. While on war duty, Russian soldiers get ambushed by a group of rebels. A fight ensues between the two groups which ends in the death of all the Russian soldiers save for two; Sasha and Vanya. The two of them get taken captive by the rebels who subject them to a situation where they have to cope with cross cultural and civilization differences. Notably, Sasha is and old soldier while Vanya is merely a new recruit. Perhaps it is this difference that makes them bear differences in preferences and characteristic traits. While the former works on a plan of escaping, the latter instead develops an approach of attempting to please his captors in one way or the other. While Sasha remains extremely cynical, Vanya gets portrayed as gawky and Naà ¯ve. In the Caucasus where they are captured, Islam is the main religion. As a result, they both have to cope with Islamic tendencies. They get chained together and have to live as one almost all through. This forces the two into developing a comradely bond and the warmth of support for one another. Specifically, the young soldier begins to develop emotions and feelings for their captor’s daughter which makes him warmer to the family as opposed to his counterpart. Apparently, the daughter of their captor also gets touched by Vanya’s kindness and warmth; a point that makes her risk the wrath of her father by extending a warm and helping hand to the former. The reason for keeping the soldiers captive is the hope of a possible swap between the rebels and the Russian Soldiers. Apparently, the Russian soldiers also hold the son of the chief captor hostage. The major themes portrayed in the film include pessimism, disillusionment, war, despair, and extreme cases

Ferdinand Davids Trombone Concerto Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ferdinand Davids Trombone Concerto - Essay Example After a brief hop at the sixteenth note, the triplet should drive through directly to the arrival note. The motivic rhythm reappears in measures 46, 48, 102-106, and beyond the first movement. Once the initial motif is past, the entire statement (measures 42-65) is also important to emphasize for the audience. The poetic pairing found in measures 44-47, and then again in measures 48-51, is one of the key elements that must be inflected, and then followed up effectively in the dramatic resolution found in measures 52-55. This is a good microcosm of the dramatic builds to be found in the work, and the half notes in measure 52 are one excellent place to build dramatic value. Vibrato is one way to accomplish this, but a solid drive through the air column is also crucial here. The grand opening then takes place between measures 60 and 83. The first four measures of this should be played with a significant amount of verve and vigor to lend a sense of heroic drama. Measures 64-67 remind the listener of your opening passage, and so a definite sense of sweep and flow is important at this point. In measure 68, a definite development begins, and so dropping slightly in dynamics before entering the measure will give more energy to the later crescendo build; one of the most effective ways to snatch the attention of the audience is to drop the dynamic before beginning a slow build. This crescendo should reach its boiling point in measures 72 and 73, with the flourish in G-flat major. These two measures can be performed with some license as to the rhythm, because of the dramatic power. As this first section of the opening ends, in measures 76-82, it is important to pay special attention to the dotted eighth notes. Accents and marcato may well be called for here, as long as the tongue stays out of the tone's way. The diminuendos here can definitely be musical and technical assets. What one might term a cantilena then comes, from measures 83-102. Grove's Dictionary of Music defines cantilena as a "flowing melodious phrase of vocal character." It comes from the Italian, meaning "little song." This is a point in the piece that permits the performer really to let loose with the lyrical side of the trombone. The piano dynamic here should be taken to its metaphorical extremes. Piano here does not necessarily just mean quieter, but conveying a sensual sort of softness to the listener. How would a fur coat feel How would a warm blanket feel These are the sorts of ideas that the trombone should convey to the audience at this point. This should be combined with the dolce mood. The meaning here, of course, is "sweet," but that is a word that has numerous connotations. For the purposes of this performance, the sweetness that comes in romantic attachments would be a good mood to consider while playing this section, or the sweetness that comes from a conversation with a yo ung child. The phrase marks should not be read as dividing these first four measures into separate phrases, but four ideas within the same phrase. The phrase marks should bring lucidity and charm to the longer musical idea of the four measures, rather than dividing the idea into artificial chunks. The "d" in 4th comes in handy here in measures 94, 95, and 99. In measure 94 it can help smooth out the slur,

Preparing and Writing Essay Example for Free

Preparing and Writing Essay A basic key to producing good essays is to start early and work steadily over an extended period. Build in time for distractions and problems (e.g. illness or disk failure), and allow for deadline bunching. Plan to complete well before the deadline to allow yourself some leeway. As a rough guide, you might allow three weeks for work on a course essay. The deadline is intended to help you with time management make sure you adhere to it. Reflect on the feedback obtained on your previous essays. What strengths and weaknesses were identified? Think about how best to overcome the weaknesses. For example, if your essays have been criticised for limited knowledge of the literature or lack of depth, this may indicate that you need to devote more preparation time and increase or change the breadth and depth of your reading; if criticised for poor structure or limited relevance, you are likely to benefit from spending more time on careful planning and editing/reorganising the final draft. Using course essays to work on your weaknesses can help you produce a better essay as well as help to improve your general writing skills. Look more:  how to write a process paper Do some preliminary reading to help you choose an essay topic. The reading lists for the essays provide guidance on sources of preliminary reading. Generally it is useful to choose reading that is relatively recent, this is likely to include a summary of earlier work, some of which you may explore in more detail later. It can also be helpful at an early stage to make use of EconLit and the Library catalogue to check on the availability and nature of supplementary reading on a topic. As should be obvious, you should try to choose a topic that you find interesting. This will help motivate you to work on the essay and is also likely to make the end product more interesting for the reader/marker. Note that interest tends to increase as you work on a topic, providing you don’t leave it all to the last minute. Once you have chosen a topic (or even to help you choose from a short-list of topics), use your initial reading to produce a draft outline plan of your essay. The general advice on what makes a good essay, set out below, should help you to produce an effective plan. A basic plan would typically divide the essay/dissertation into a series of logically ordered sections. This skeleton structure can then be filled out by fitting ideas, relevant references, work and information required, into the planned sections (making use of references from preliminary reading, EconLit etc.) Taking time to construct an effective annotated outline plan should help you to: †¢ Produce a well-structured and coherent essay. †¢ Organise the subsequent work on your essay/dissertation and plan your study time more effectively. †¢ Read actively and more effectively making you think about how further reading fits into your plan and, possibly, adapting your plan in response to new information or ideas. Although the ingredients of a good essay can vary between courses and topics, the following broad guidelines are generally applicable. Structure: †¢ Ensure that your essay/dissertation has a clear logical structure. †¢ Use the introduction to motivate the topic, set it in perspective and outline the structure of the body of your essay to help the reader follow the argument. †¢ Use the conclusions to draw together the argument, provide an overall assessment and, possibly, indicate areas that might be developed further if space allowed. General content: †¢ The primary focus should be on analysis, not description or presentation of information. †¢ Make it clear that you have a good understanding of the relevant basic literature. But avoid devoting too much space to repeating standard textbook material. Generally you can make clear that you understand the basics in the context of presenting a more advanced or deeper analysis. †¢ Be innovative think of an interesting and different angle on the topic; draw on ideas from other courses (including non-economics courses) or general reading; go beyond the standard literature by making good use of EconLit or other reference sources; be prepared to challenge standard approaches. This is likely to make the essay more interesting for you and the reader/marker. †¢ Remember it is your essay, it should reflect your informed thought and judgements on the topic, not simply reiterate or paraphrase the views of others. Analysis and models: †¢ The appropriate mode of analysis can vary between courses and topics. In the vast majority of cases economics essays will involve the use of an explicit model or models. Formal models help to provide a clear logical structure, which is a major reason for their use in economics. †¢ When presenting a model, you need to make clear that you understand the model. This involves more than simply copying a set of equations from an article or book. To signal your understanding you might for example: provide an intuitive explanation of the overall model or key steps in solving the model; work out some steps in a model’s solution explicitly, when (as is often the case) this is not done explicitly in the original source; develop and work through a variation of the model not developed explicitly in the reading; compare and contrast the model with other related models; assess the assumptions used and the limitations they pose; apply the model judiciously to a particular situation. Presentation and style: †¢ Grammar and spelling matter. Leave plenty of time for editing the final draft to improve grammar. Use a spellchecker, but remember that spell checkers do not pick up all mistakes. Incorrect spelling of names and jargon can be particularly irritating. †¢ Be precise and concise. Conciseness allows you to include more within the word limit. †¢ Think about how to present data or information effectively. Tables or figures can be useful presentational tools. †¢ References should be presented accurately and consistently. See the lists of preliminary readings for a suggested standard style. Citations and plagiarism: †¢ Quotations should be used judiciously, if at all, to support or illustrate an argument. The source of any quotation should be clearly stated, including the page reference. †¢ Data sources should be clearly cited. †¢ When summarising or describing someone’s work the source or sources should be clearly stated. †¢ The University of Edinburgh’s Undergraduate Assessment Regulations state: â€Å"Plagiarism is the act of copying or including in one’s own work, without adequate acknowledgement, intentionally or unintentionally, the work of another. It is academically fraudulent and an offence against University discipline.† (http://www.docs.sasg.ed.ac.uk/AcademicServices/Regulations/UG_AssessmentRegulations.PDF, para. 14.2) †¢ The University of Edinburgh’s Guidance on the Avoidance of Plagiarism for Undergraduate and Taught Postgraduate Students states: â€Å"Plagiarism is the act of including in one’s own work the work of another person, without adequate acknowledgement of having done so, either deliberately or unintentionally.† (http://www.docs.sasg.ed.ac.uk/AcademicServices/Discipline/StudentGuidanceUGPGT.pdf ) †¢ The Undergraduate Assessment Regulations add â€Å"The innocent misuse or citation of material without formal and proper acknowledgement can constitute plagiarism, even when there is no deliberate intent to cheat. Work may be plagiarised if it consists of close paraphrasing or unacknowledged summary of a source, as well as word-for-word transcription. Any failure adequately to acknowledge or properly reference other sources in submitted work could lead to lower marks and to disciplinary action being taken.† (http://www.docs.sasg.ed.ac.uk/AcademicServices/Regulations/UG_AssessmentRegulations.PDF , para. 14.2) †¢ The three preceding bullet points avoid plagiarism, by properly acknowledging sources (but would not, on their own, constitute a good essay or dissertation). Most study skills books contain further advice on essay writing. The Main Library Reading Room has an extensive collection of study skills books, which contain advice on essay writing. Several books are devoted specifically to writing skills, for example:

Treating Foxconn Workers As Machines

Treating Foxconn Workers As Machines Foxconn Technology Group is a multinational anchor company of Hon Hai Precision Industry CompanyLtd., a Taiwanese company that is the worlds largest leading of electronic manufacturer. Foxconn is the largest exporter in China which has a workforce of 90,000 workers all over China. Its well-known clients include Apple, Dell, Nokia, and Microsoft and so on, which take comparative advantages of labour cost and production resulting in profit maximisation (BBC, 2011). For satisfying rapid and huge demand on IPad, Foxconn has promised Apple Company to boost the productivity to fulfil their orders. Unfortunately, Foxconn did not be concerned on the employees of job stress due to intensive manufacturing process. According a report from Student and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehaviour (SACOM) (2010), it stated that 14 frontline workers died from suicides between January and August 2010, due to excessive working quantity and depressed emotion. It reflected that the boosting productive manag ement would lead the workers as dehumanized machines and the deterioration of dignity and well-being. In respond to the tragedy incidents, then the CEO Terry Gou Tai Ming advised that the workers signed the commitment of all kinds of suicides disregarding as the companys responsibility. He also attributed the suicides to personal problems, such as bad socialisation and finical debts, in order to obtain the grant amount of compensation offered by the company. Although the company initiated the action for the recovery of job satisfaction, the harsh management methodology was eventually not changed to contribute to job stress and burnout. For instance, the action invited counsellors to the factory, negotiated to make higher wage, established the hotline and Employee Care Centre, held an anti-suicide assembly and organised the activities for inspiration, but it is useless for reduce in job stress. Despite to carry out the emergency decision-making, there is a close relationship between poor wage and accommodation, harsh management and lack of health and safety protection (Chamberlain, 2011). First, the raised wage was slightly increased CNY 100 compared to the minimum wage (CNY 1250 per month) set by local government. This improvement is insufficient for living condition especially in Shenzhen where the monthly living wage should be CNY 2293 (Students Scholars Against Corporate Misbehaviour, 2010). In addition, each crowded dormitory can accommodate 24 workers and observer was told by a worker who was forced to sign confession letter after illicitly using a hairdryer (AM 730, 2011). Second, excessive and involuntary overtime is an apparently serious problem led to job stress and burnout. The report of SACOM (2010) revealed that workers had to work 10 hours and 6 days per week which means overtime adding up to 84 hours during the midst of series of suicides. The premium should generally be 1.5 or 2 times weekend hourly wage conformed to Labour Law, yet there is no bonus for overtime during weekend. Then, the frequent change of work shifts may be irregular that probably arrange the day and night shift in a day, are changed 2 to 3 times a month. The workers would not allow talking at work. Finally, the employer has responsibility to provide a safe work place and the effective protection and training the employees on occupational health by Occupational Disease Law of China. Unfortunately, 3 workers were diagnosed with leukaemia and 1 worker is anxious related to the harmful chemicals. Meanwhile, no personal protective equipment liked goggles and gloves would be provided when the workers operated a drill on his duty. The victims even need to pay medical fees themselves. An assistant of CEO explained to the criticism of anti-suicide commitment becoming over intensive and to the prohibition of talking during working in order to enhance the quality of productivity (The Liberty Times, 2011). Introduction While Economy becomes booming period, employer would make generous incomes by fulfil the demand. For example, the manufacturers would like to use existed production machines and a number of workforces in order to complete the orders and satisfy their clients. Responding to accomplishment of goals and targets, management may underestimate the front-line employees job difficulties and anxieties that results in turnover or potential negative outcome. This purpose is to analyse the threats of employees health and safety in Foxconn and to research the implication of leading organisation. Job stress and Burnout Job stress is defined as a relationship between employees mental or physical distress and working environment (Kahn Boysiere, 1994). Other definition may allow stress for improving performance that is the interaction of work conditions and employee personality with changing psychological functions (Beer Newman, 1978). However, the workers in Foxconn would not contribute to this improvement, the tragedies occurred under stress and harsh management instead. The main three stressors are job quality, relationship, and physical quality that yield to job burnout. Job burnout refers to a result of job stress that develops from the sustained situation that employees are unable to deal with the excessive demand resulting in physical, emotional and cognitive exhaustion (Hu Cheng, 2010). The degradation of job quality in Foxconn may compose of low wage and excessive work hours. The workers could not receive the compensation on overtime; even there is no internal (mental) or external (monetar y) reward. It would damage the job security and relationship between the employer and workers, then the company would be decreased the labour force due to the increasing resignation of workers. Another stressor is a lack of physical quality that results from irregular work hours and work-life imbalance. Consequently, the company should face the potential loss of revenue and take the responsibility of turnover. Emotional Labour Emotional labour plays a significant role in daily work life for employees and direct or indirectly influence to the company. For instance, the employees become emotional exhaustion and cognitive withdrawing from the job, and then finally resigned. Emotional labour is the regulation of emotion and emotional display at work that interact with customers, co-workers, and the public (Chau et al. 2009). The emotional labour consists of two categories are surface acting and deep acting. Surface acting refers as suppressing ones emotional and pretending to the desired emotional expression, while deep acting involves modifying actual ones feeling to show proper emotional display. Chau et al. stated that the surface acting would relate to the negative outcomes, such as turnover, or withdraw behaviour, due to emotional dissonance and internal exhaustion, whereas deep acting may reduce negative outcomes due to authentic and positive emotions. Acknowledge of deep acting for the employees perform s in Foxconn that can lead to decrease the emotional exhaustion and avoid the turnover intentions. Psychological Contract A psychological contract (PC) is considered as a mutual obligation that was established by both the employees and their employers regarding the terms and conditions of exchanging relationship (Kotter, 1973; Rousseau Tijoriwala, 1998). In other words, the expectations concern on what the employees owe their employers and on what their employers owe the employees in return (Ng Feldman, 2009). For example, the employers may provide the inducement, such as high pay or potential promotion, for the motivation to encourage the employees maximise effort. Nevertheless, the breach of psychological contract (BPC) could not reach the promise by either the employers or employees. Chen, Tsui and Zhong (2008) categorised into two types of BPC which are reneging and incongruence. Reneging occurs when employee breaks the promise, or the employer is unable to satisfy the promise. Incongruence occurs when the employee and employer have misunderstanding of the contract and promise. Obviously, the form er PBC is the Foxconn employers who violate the law and could not pay the overtime rate wage to compensate the employees effort. The excessive work quantity would be detrimental to their physical and psychological health that lead to depressive work condition and finally happened suicides. The latter BPC was analysed misunderstanding of the Foxconn employers driving the additional work hour into daily work quantity; on the other hands, employees would like to have a normal socialisation with certain work hour and well-being. Ironically, the employers made military management in order to achieve the productivity maximisation, but they neglected the employees job stress to seriously misunderstand that was the employees needs. The four methods can deal with BPC depending on age and work experience, because PC focuses on relatively young employees with relatively low work experience (Ng Feldman, 2009). The first method is exit that refers to voluntary withdraw behaviour. Flaherty and Pappas (2002) demonstrated that the older and more experienced workers have more likelihood to stability in their work live and less likelihood to intend to leave their employers. The second method is voice that the employees attempt to voice out to the employers yielding to improvement in work condition. On the other hand, it may increase the risk of retaliation from employers. Consequently, the younger and less work experienced employees should express their disappointment due to less malleable PC, while the older and more experienced employees should avoid using voice direct to employers in order not to decrease their job security. The third method is loyalty which involves silence or passion to negative work condition for remaining with an organisation. Generally, older and more experienced employees may have more flexible expectation to deal with interpersonal relationship problems. According the suicides at Foxconn in China record of SACOM (2010), the victims age range from 18 to 25 that belongs to young age or junior work age group. It implied the younger or less experienced employees that could not have appropriate expectation to overcome the difficulties. The last one is neglect in term of counterproductive behaviour that is lower involvement and greater workplace withdrawal. The older and more experienced employees would be less to engage in this method because of more malleability within the current firm and less replication in outside firm. In additional, other research showed that mentors and supervisors can support with BPC by providing career-related information and psychological support (Zagenczyk et al., 2009). The career-related support includes the provision as protection, visibility a nd sponsorship, while psychological support includes friendship, confirmation, acceptance and counselling. The supervisors would like to evaluate the performance as well as giving feedback to subordinates. Organisational Misbehaviour Organisational misbehaviour (OMB) is the intentional action that violates the shared organisational norms and expectation or unconventional practices which are not supposed to do at work (Vardi Wiener, 1996). Vardi and Wiener (1996) distinguished OMB into three types to influence in personal, organisation and others or organisations. OMB type S is intention to benefit self-interest which often occurred in internal organisation. For example, distorting data may obtain the high evaluation in order to increase the chance of promotion; stealing and selling the property from organisation take money into personal account; and harassing peers by handling the personal work task or gossip others is detrimental to other accounts of reputation. Type O OMB intends to benefit the employing organisation that usually occurred in external organisation. For instance, cheating other firms members is to obtain the contracts for the employing organisation. Type D OMB intends to hurt others or to damage the organisation that associated with both internal and external organisation. An example of type D is revenge in order to deriving the own satisfaction and responding to actual or perceived mistreatment. In addition to three types of OMB, workplace deviance and dysfunctional behaviour are important to analysis in the case. Workplace deviance refers as voluntary behaviour of organisation members that infringe upon the organisational norms due to threaten to the organisation or organisational members (Robbinson Bennett 1995). The latter considered as the behaviour instead of motivation, the action will carry the negative effect and consequence for an individual or group within organisation (Griffin, O Leary-Kelly Collins, 1998). Hence, dehumanised management in Foxconn belongs to type O that excessive work hours and low overtime paid would benefit to the organisational interest that encourage the profit maximisation. This action would deteriorate the relationship between employers and employees, and damage the employees socialisation and physical quality. Then, the supervisors forced to sign confession letter due to unintentional faults that attributes to workplace deviance because it should directly be detrimental to employees physical and mental aspects. Although the company attempted to allow the activities such as hotline and anti-suicide assembly, for motivating the employees, those activities would be compulsory to join and not be counted in their work hours. As a result, the behaviours would reverse the function of motivation that considered as dysfunctional behaviour. However, Shamsudin (2006) showed the ways to resist OMB that are personal counselling and surveys with questionnaires. Personal counselling is a primary solution that understands the reasons of OMB and the different standards of behaviours because employees may possess the different values, perception and norms. But personal counselling might not work when the OMB is in group, violent or criminal in nature, surveys can collect and analysis the whole employees perception and norms in order to avoid the conflicts in the relationship of employers and employees. Job quality Job quality can come from many dimensions that enhance job security and satisfaction. Consequently, understanding of job quality is significant to maintain employees in the organisation, and the likelihood of BPC can be decreased within the interaction of employees and employers. Job diagnostic survey is a job measurement that understands the degree of job quality (Hackman, 1975). The motivating potential score that add up skill variety, task identity and task significant to divided by three and then combine with autonomy and feedback. In addition, other studies expressed the job quality in America and Europe, so that can help to improve the situation of Foxconn. Handel (2005) explained that Fordism is a period which is the context of stable industrial system including American economic dominance, rising productivity and earning, steady or decreasing inequality, and robust employment growth. Neo-Fordist theory claims that job quality for most workers is in term of material reward and work pace which is the base principle of high pay, job security and career mobility due to inequality between management and labour in post-war market. Increasing job quality through Post-Fordist theory means the respect to both material (e.g. pay) and intrinsic (e.g. job challenge, autonomy and workplace cooperation) rewards and working condition (e.g. decreased physical workloads). Referring to Handels theory, post-Fordism period is similar as booming economy in China where real GDP grew at an average rate of 9.3% by foreign investments and become the worlds largest economy (Morrison, 2005). The Foxconn should increase the wage by the material reward, offer sufficient time and independence by intrinsic reward, and decrease the quantity of workload to diminish the possibility of job burnout. In European work market, the work-life balance and working time and training and career development are principles of job quality (ETUL, 2009). The management of Foxconn could provide the flex ible working arrangement by employees choosing working pattern themselves for balance the job stress and well-being in order to enhance the socialisation (Kelliher Aderson, 2009). Also, training and career development can expand the confidence in job task and identity. Conclusion In conclusion, Foxconn has made a military management to its employees as dehumanised treatment that drove the suicide tragedy. Job stress may contribute to job burnout that composed of excessive work quantity and low wage in Foxconn. Emotional labour could help to improve the turnover intention and emotional exhaustion by deep acting. PC is s mutual expectation involving employers and employees and BPC would fulfil PC which can use exit, voice, loyalty and neglect method to eliminate BPC depending on age or work experience. OMB type O should attribute to overtime and low wage deteriorate the relationship between employers and employees. In addition, the workplace deviance and dysfunctional behaviour could be detrimental to the relationship as well. Job quality is also significant to raise job security and satisfaction because job redesign is to change the role and return of career when the economy changed.