The Role of the Nurse Executive in Marketing and Nursing Services Essay Sample free essay sample

The babe boomers are non yet done in doing great effects in different industries worldwide. When they were still babes. babe nutrients like Gerber made it a billion dollar company. When the babe boomers were already yearlings. Mattel. the shapers of Barbie besides made it large in the plaything industry. When the babe boomers were adolescents. Ford Mustang made its manner to the top of the car industry. Until now. non other auto has beaten the record of Ford Mustang’s gross revenues. When the babe boomers were already married. existent estates were really in demand. Now that the babe boomers are acquiring older. the wellness and health industry is sing the demand of the babe boomers. There is no uncertainty that nurses are truly in demand presents. In fact. there have been nurse deficits in different states and until now to some. This is chiefly because the demand of 72 million babe boomers sing wellness attention services can non be stopped. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of the Nurse Executive in Marketing and Nursing Services Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is why the function of nursing executives is really of import presents. If the nursing deficit continues. it will impact all nurses and so as the people who needs them. One of the people responsible for combating this deficit is the nurse executive. It is included in their map that they develop schemes to supply top of the line patient attention. But. since the demand for nurses is acquiring reasonably high. it is besides a job of the nurse executives on how to enroll staff and market nurses. ( Neuman. 2001 ) The nurse executive should look for more ways to pull nurses. Not merely is it of import to concentrate on measure but besides to the quality of nurses that are being recruited. For this to be possible. the nurse executive must utilize her place to advance. attract. and retain quality nurses. It is besides of import that we retain choice nurses in the work force since they have much experience than concentrating on the new 1s. Although it is besides of import that to pass clip in enrolling fresh quality nurses. Last and most significantly. the nurse executive should hold selling accomplishments in footings of nursing services. ( Neuman. 2001 ) Selling should be a demand for nurses. non merely nurse executives since it involves run intoing the demands of the consumers. or in a nursing scene. the patients. Good selling can assist in educating other people about nursing as a profession and as a calling. Another thing is that the services offered by nurses must be marketed to do it look that those services are of import in the society. This is where the function of the nurse executive. once more. comes in. In selling. any merchandise or service has its life rhythm. The life rhythm includes the beginning. growing. adulthood. and decline phase. It is the duty of the nurse executive to do the populace know that nurse services are of import. In this manner. nursing services will non hold to see its diminution phase shortly. Nurse executives are of import particularly those who have the accomplishments in selling. For illustration. it is of import to place the phase of the selling life rhythm. It is of import that the growing phase is identified because it is the phase where you can spread out the impact of the service or merchandise to its consumers. Another ground why nurse executives are relevant is the designation of the growing phase because it is the phase where you can protract the life of the merchandise or service. Improper selling accomplishments may do the nursing industry to worsen at a faster rate. That is why it is ever of import to hold nurse executives to take charge of marketing affairs. In this manner. the hereafter of nursing will be bright and nursing criterions will be kept high. ( Catalano. 1998 ) Selling has been defined as efficaciously pull offing exchange relationships with an organization’s markets or constituencies. To use a selling attack to nursing disposal. an consciousness of all divisional relationships that involve the exchange of values must be developed. The interactions of the nursing division with the larger wellness attention organisation. patient population. medical staff. community. and other markets are really complex. Identifying markets with similar demands. penchants. perceptual experiences. attitudes. and behaviours is indispensable because each section requires different selling schemes. tactics. and ends. After specifying present and possible markets. the nurse decision maker must inquire what is valued and exchanged by each section. A selling information and research plan can supply the informations necessary to analyse the demands and penchants of the nursing markets every bit good as the nursing organization’s capablenesss and shortages. Kotler and Armstrong ( 2006 ) provide the most widely recognized definition of selling as â€Å"the procedure by which companies create value for clients and construct strong client relationships in order to capture value from the clients in return. † These writers point out that marketing must be understood non in the old sense of doing a sale–â€Å"telling and selling†Ã¢â‚¬â€œbut in a new sense of fulfilling client demands. It is besides emphasized that the importance and centrality of client dealingss. as differentiated from the more traditional activities of advertisement and publicity ( the targeting of merchandises to specific audiences ) and public dealingss ( communicating of an image to the community ) . The focal point on client wants. demands. and outlooks has evolved from the current rise in consumerism. which has shifted the venue of control in health care from the supplier to the buyer. As in other healthcare bringing sectors. the increasing edification of consumers. both current and possible occupants and their households. in relation to long-run attention determinations is widely recognized as significantly disputing to nursing place suppliers. ( Larson. 2006 ) Past long-run attention selling attempts have focused on comparatively unworldly activities such as keeping the visual aspect of installations. developing informational booklets and Tourss. and distributing repute through word-of-mouth. These activities are no longer sufficient. as information airing and ephemeral promotional tactics yield impermanent consequences in today’s health care market place. Every indicant is that the industry is going progressively competitory with the growing of viing community-based services and as installations become progressively diverse in the array of specialised medical and nursing services they provide. Consequently. nursing executives and other decision makers need comprehensive. many-sided selling schemes. ( Larson. 2006 ) Comprehensive strategic market planning requires the full-time attempt of professional staff. like the nurse executive. and the usage of the full array of modern selling related maps. including market informations aggregation and analysis. strategic planning. communicating. public dealingss and publicity. client service and relationship direction. and the existent merchandising of services. Customer service and relationship direction are peculiarly of import in long-run attention. as indicated by the on-going importance of satisfied clients and of word-of-mouth as an effectual signifier of publicity. Referrals from occupants. relations. professional bureaus. and other persons are presently perceived to be more effectual in this industry than print ads. radio/TV musca volitanss. hoardings. unfastened houses. Tourss. and particular events. ( Larson. 2006 ) Today. client relationship direction ( CRM ) is considered one of the most effectual selling schemes across industries. Increasingly many Fortune 500 companies every bit good as leaders in health care bringing are going client driven. concentrating on client penchants and the development of one-to-one relationships and services based on superior client value and satisfaction. Therefore. the full long-run attention referral system. including employees. should be on a regular basis researched and analyzed for ongoing relationship development. optimum communicating such as viva-voce indorsement and repute transmittal. and continued choice success. The demands. penchants. perceptual experiences. attitudes. and behaviours of assorted market groups must be carefully analyzed every bit good to efficaciously section client groups and develop the optimum mix of services. Hence. environmental analyses. both internal qualitative intelligence and ongoing quantitative research on the market place. are indispensable for analysing. profiling. and aiming specific market sections ( cleavage ) ; supervising rival association and success ( competitory analysis ) ; carry oning feasibleness surveies and prediction ; and developing optimum selling programs. communicating methods. promotional rhythms. and budgets on an on-going footing. ( Larson. 2006 ) Of equal importance are today’s awareness-building and promotional enterprises for deriving installation recognition-beyond the traditional bricks and mortar-as a cardinal community participant in the bringing of attention and the publicity of wellness instruction and health. Reputation. known quality indexs. and service parts are progressively seen as of import for consumers’ determination doing sing long-run attention services. Therefore. selling attempts should be extended to include well-planned and carefully targeted direct mail runs. community service events. and media exposure evocation tactics to pass on the nursing home’s part to healthcare stewardship every bit good as its differentiating services. ( Larson. 2006 ) Contemporary best-practice wisdom in selling is besides focused on the importance of a quarterly. or at a lower limit an one-year. market-oriented strategic action program. In line with the rules of CRM. carefully developed and formalistic programs directed at run intoing the demands of and developing good relationships with all referral beginnings is the key to guaranting a high nose count and finally profitableness in nursing services. Possibly the strongest indicant that nursing services still lack a coherent selling scheme was revealed in a recent study that found one-third of long-run attention directors reported holding no one-year selling program in their organisations. ( Larson. 2006 ) From an internal position in relation to marketplace success in other healthcare sectors. attending must be given to functional and departmental market place schemes. resources. past public presentation history. and consequences every bit good as the intangibles related to the organization’s mission. civilization. and values. Externally. analyses should besides include cardinal tendencies and environmental inflexion points ( political. economic. societal. and technological ) . purchaser and remunerator features. and rivals and confederates. Much of this information exists in the public sphere and is readily available for even baseline analyses and scheme development. Therefore. elaborate and expensive analyses are non indispensable. However. as the nursing services competition additions. greater allotment of clip and accent on this cross-industry best pattern would necessitate managerial committedness and the assignment of duty. Further research is needed to find whether extra resources for polishing the development of a comprehensive selling program that is based on wide environmental scanning. both internally and externally. will better nursing services market success to the extent it has in other health care concern sectors. ( Larson. 2006 ) Another thing that we have to concentrate on is the comparatively low degree of market cleavage and aiming activities. As in other industries. needs appraisals. market place research. and market cleavage activities should be focused on specific mark groups for establishing tailored programmatic and promotional enterprises. Cleavage in selling patterns can besides be used specifically to pull more profitable occupants. whose concern supports both fiscal viability and mission continuance. ( Larson. 2006 ) Given the important financial restraints and restricted resources that affect many nursing services. it is non surprising that decision makers. particularly those in the smaller installations as noted in the findings. can non perpetrate the clip. forces. or other resources to develop and deploy a comprehensive selling scheme and an adequately funded map. However. as in other healthcare sectors. new market worlds exist such as altering demographics ; well-experienced and subsidised rivals ; and more demanding consumers. which require concerted attempts to guarantee on-going profitableness and survival no affair how little the border and complex the remunerator systems. Like all directors in health care today. nursing leaders ( like the nursing executive ) can profit from larning about and borrowing from the successful market place direction schemes that other industries have found to be effectual for covering with progressively competitory market place environments. regardless of budget limitations. Mentions: Catalano. J. ( 1998 ) . Marketing Nursing in a Nurse Practitioner Practice. Retrieved March 24. 2007. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa3836/is_199810/ai_n8812391 Neuman. C. ( 2001 ) . The Role of Nurse Executives in an Era of Nursing Shortage. Retrieved March 24. 2007. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa3932/is_200103/ai_n8928854 Larson. D. ( 2006 ) . Current Selling Practices in the Nursing Home Sector/PRACTITIONER APPLICATION. Retrieved March 27. 2007. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. allbusiness. com/management/3604947-1. hypertext markup language

The Evolution of the Car Engine

The Evolution of the Car Engine Evolution of the internal-combustion Engine An engine where processes of burning fuel takes place within an enclosed room, emitting gases that increase due to pressure that in turn supply energy, qualifies to be an internal combustion engine. The history of combustion engines dates back in the year 1680 when Christian Huygens, a Dutch physicist experimented with them (Daniels, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of the Car Engine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In 1859, saw the success of development of an effective gasoline powered engine. The French engineer, Etienne Lenoir developed a double-acting, spark ignition engine that did not experience interruptions. In 1862, a French scientist, Alphonse Beau De Rochas, improved on Lennoir’s invention but failed to develop a four-stroke engine. A successful four-stroke engine emerged sixteen years later after Nikolaus Otto’s hard work. This engine became known as Otto cycle. Another success was the two-stroke engine that Dougald Clerk completed in the same year Joseph Day improved it to a commercial success to date. In 1875, George Bryton, an American engineer tried a hand on two-stroke engine that would utilize kerosene but failed as a result of its slow pace and size (Junge, 2010). Gottlieb Daimler in 1885 built a smaller and fast paced version of the modern gas engine that had a vertical cylinder and consumed gasoline forced via the carburetor. After four years, the same American engineer invented a four-stroke engine assuming a mushroom-shaped valves and double cylinders positioned in a V-shape with a higher ratio of power to that of weight. This engine did not have the electric ignition until 1924 when inventions of one proved possible. However, gasoline engines in use today can trace their origins from Daimler’s engines. American Designs of electric powered vehicles France and the Great Britain reinforced the notion of the electric powered cars in the late 1800s. The idea of developing these automobiles became a reality when Belgium assembled electric sports car that bore the name La Jamais Contente that made a world record of 68 mph for pace on land, with Camille JÃ ©natzy taking credit for its design (Bellis, 2012). In 1895, the Americans directed their interest to these inventions of electric vehicles. This was after success trials of electric tricycles through A.L. Ryker’s works and William Morrison who developed a wagon for six passengers in 1891.Advertising Looking for essay on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Afterwards, many inventions of electric-powered vehicles cropped up, but of them all, William Morrisons design of electric powered vehicles with the capacity to accommodate passengers took credit. In 1897, the Philadelphia electric and Wagon Company built a fleet of taxis in New York C ity that became the beginning of establishing commercial vehicle. However, the pace of these electric vehicles developed earlier was painfully slow as they only covered 20 miles per hour. This factor was as a result of technological underdevelopment and lack of transistor technological know-how. Irrespective of their pace, they outdid their competitors of the early 19th century. They had reduced instances of moving back and forth rapidly, they emitted low level of smokes and had reduced noise linked to cars that utilized gasoline. In addition, electric vehicles did not have challenges on gear changing as their counterparts. Electric vehicles were also a tag of the well to do as they became to them city vehicles. The limited range became more of an advantage than a loss. They were a preference to a lot as they required less energy for them to start as opposed to the gasoline vehicles that made a lot of noise during ignition (Westbrook, 2001). Electric vehicle were easy to manage and operate; thus, recommended for women. Increased Popularity Lack of proper infrastructure hampered the appreciation of electric vehicles. In 1912, the bridging of this problem was through people wiring their homes for electricity key for propelling the electric vehicles. This boosted the popularity of the vehicles. At the beginning of the century, a number of 33,842 electric vehicles in the United States became registered. This was an obvious sign of acceptance as this high number of registration was far above those of other vehicles. As opposed to basic electric cars that fetched for USD 1,000 at the beginning of the century, the later versions of electric vehicles had unique interior features with expensive materials that facilitated high sales season in 1912. For challenges that came with the absence of recharging facilities, a battery swapping service established in 1896 solved this problem.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of the Car Engine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hartford Electric Light Company implemented this idea through utilizing the General Vehicle Company battery service. People bought their vehicles from General Vehicle Company with an exception of batteries. Afterwards, they would purchase electricity from Hartford Electric in batteries that were exchangeable. However, there was a monthly charge for miles covered, some fee for monthly maintenance of the car as well as its proper storage. A similar service took over and served owners of the Milburn Light Electric vehicles in Chicago state who bought cars with an exception of batteries. Hybrid vehicles A hybrid vehicle is one that utilizes more than one power means for propulsion. Vehicle manufacturers applied the concept to hybrid electric vehicles that combine one or more than one electric motor with an internal combustion engine (Ehsani, Yimin, Sebastien and Emadi 2004). The history of these cars dates back in the year 1899, a time when Dr. Ferdinand Porsche built a hybrid car that moved as a result of the gas engine that propelled an electricity generating dynamo that in turn used energy to move the electric motors in the central part of the two wheels in front. However, in the following decades, the hybrid car has undergone numerous advancements that include the invention of a generative braking. This idea works in modern hybrid cars. The Porsche car went through some modification in 1915 when Woods Motor Vehicle Manufacturers developed a double-powered hybrid car (Anderson and Judy, 2010). This car used an electric battery to drive the engine at a reduced pace of 25 km/h, and utilize gasoline engine to propel the car from a reduced speed to a maximum pace of 55 km/h. The period between 1920 and 1965 was an inactive period in terms of enormous hybrid car production. The US Congress endorsed extensive use of the electric vehicles as one of the sure ways of air pollution reduction in 1 966. A major improvement on the engine took place between 1968 and 1971 where three scientists invented a hybrid power engine. The engine adversely improved the speed of a vehicle with a relatively smaller engine that a conventional internal combustion engine needs in order to move. The ideas brought together in the system are inevitable in today’s hybrids.Advertising Looking for essay on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1975, 352 electric vehicles got tested and as a result, the US Energy Research Development Administration created a program for promoting the hybrid technology. In 1976, the Public Law of 94/413 became effective on the electric hybrid vehicles. The key objective of the law was to collaborate with the car firms, and advance the accessories of the electric vehicles such as batteries and controllers. This is the period that Toyota developed the first electric hybrid that had a gass current hybrid cars include the 2011 Chevrolet Silverado, Cadillac Escalade, 2011 Chevrolet Tahoe, 2011 Ford Escape, 2011 GMC Sierra, 2012 Honda Civic, and 2011 Lexus CT 200H among many more. Future hybrid Current hybrid cars are a reflection of the future version that people around the globe anticipate. Designers of the current version of hybrid are contemplating on what design is next for the future hybrid vehicle. Globally, car firms have their plans of launching hybrid vehicle underway. These companie s have the challenges of considering factors such as performance, emissions, and efficiency. The future hybrid will assume all types that currently exist ranging from sports cars, sports utility vehicles and other varieties of vehicle will utilize both gas and energy (Motavalli, 2001). Maintenance is a critical issue in developments of these future hybrids. Manufacturers will have to process new spare parts for future hybrid models, and on the same note, mechanics should have the new technology so as to gain knowledge of replacing parts that breakdown. The future hybrid will be much more powerful to enhance performance and fuel efficiency. Certainly, the car designers will build them lighter than the current version to enhance fuel efficiency. Engineers will have to team up to develop solar cells that will restore power to vehicle batteries; thus, eliminating the process of charging batteries in hybrid vehicles (Duffy, 2009). In the future, designers of hybrid cars will have to look at the emission capacity. They will have to build vehicles with much more reduced rate of emission as the current emissions are doing harm to the atmosphere. There is a possibility the future hybrid may utilize Hydrogen power as opposed to the power sources in use today. The future design of the hybrid vehicles will prove more sophisticated than today’s design, as the designers of today are working to see that the future design is a success. With technological advancement, any future developments of the hybrid vehicles are possible. Modern vehicles and Emission Many industry studies show that improved vehicle fuel efficiency has resulted into a drop of CO2 emissions. According to Motor Industry Association (MIA), the National Average Carbon Emission (NACE) for new vehicles of 2011 had a figure of CO2 emission below 200 grams to 197.1 grams for the first time (Motor Industry Association, 2012). This represented a drop of 2.3 percent from the previous year. The effort among to reduce CO2 emission among vehicle manufacturers started more than five years ago. The average drop of CO2 emission has been 10 percent. Most new passenger vehicles form part of this calculation. Thus, the figures presented are representative in calculating the CO2 measures. The drop is due to enhanced vehicles technology among main manufacturers in the world. The main is to meet CO2 emissions in target markets that include the US, Europe, Australia, and other emerging economies. Consumers have also changed their purchasing habits to march the environmental requirements. This has improved due to government subsidies, especially in Europe where the government facilitate the purchase of environmental friendly cars by subsidizing the costs. Most of these achievements are as a result of carbon trading scheme that aims at reducing the quantity of CO2 in the atmosphere. The target has been on the transport sector for long-term agenda on reduction. These achievements from new vehicles show that manufacturers of motor vehicles are playing their roles of combating environmental degradation, reducing greenhouse emission, and pollutions from motor vehicles. Such efforts do not involve government interventions or regulations but are rather technological breakthroughs in vehicle manufacturing. References Anderson, C. and Judy A. (2010). Electric and Hybrid Cars: A History. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. Bellis, M. (2012). History of Electric Vehicles: The Early Years, Electric Cars from 1830 to 1930. The Invetors, 1, 1-4. Daniels, J. (2003). Driving Force: The Evolution of the Car Engine. Tennessee: Haynes Manuals Inc. Duffy, J. E. (2009). Modern Automotive Technology, (7th ed.). Illinois: Goodheart- Willcox Co. Ehsani, M. (2005). Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, And Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, And Design. New York: CRC Press. Ehsani, M., Yimin G., Sebastien, E. and Ali, E. (2004). Modern Electronic, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals Thoery an d Design. New York: CRC Press. Junge, F. E. (2010). Gas power;: A study of the evolution of gas power, the design and construction of large gas engines in Europe, the application of gas power to various the rational utilization of low grade fuels. Jacksonville, FL : Hill Pub. Co. Motavalli, J. (2001). Forward Drive: The Race to Build Clean Cars for the Future. San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books. Motor Industry Association. (2012). New Vehicle CO2 Emissions Continue Reducing. New Zealand: MIA. Westbrook, M. H. (2001). The Electric Car: Development and Future of Battery, Hybrid and Fuel-Cell Cars. New York: Institution of Electrical Engineers.

Write My Killing of 3 Muslim-American College Students Essay Cheap

Write My Killing of 3 Muslim-American College Students Essay Cheap Hashtag: #ChapelHillShooting The Motive and Potential Causal Factor Three innocent Muslim-American college students have been shot dead in their home at Chapel Hill. Deah Shaddy Barakat was a doctoral student at UNC-Hill’s School of Dentistry, while his wife Yosur and her sister Razan were students of the nearby University of California. The gunman, Craig Stephen Hicks who describe himself as a supporter of an â€Å"Atheist for Equality† and a student of Paralegal Studies in Durham Technical Community College gave himself up to the police minutes later. The police initially said that the motive for the killings was a parking dispute. However, the suspect’s Facebook page showed several pictures of Hicks with atheist slogan and images mocking religion such as the United Atheist of America with â€Å"Why radical Christians and radical Muslims are so opposed to each other’s influence when they agree about so many ideological issues†. Hicks also shared a picture of a loaded 38 revolver, a holster, and 5 extra rounds of speed loader. Speculations about the motive are a hate crime and victims’ Islamic faith while others put the blame on Western media. An assistant professor at the University of North Alabama offered his opinion on Western media’s framing, a concept similar to agenda setting, where media representation of an event affects the choices of people. For example, Anti-Muslim criminals framed as â€Å"crazy, misguided bigot who acted alone†. This framing or generalization practices according to the assistant university professor make the killer act according to the larger and more common perception of himself. Therefore, Western media’s framing of Muslims as â€Å"backward, violent, fundamentalist, and threats to Western civilization† was likely causal factors in Anti-Muslim crimes such as the Chapel Hill murder. Find more information here: Contributing Factors of Student Suicides Violence against Female University Students Smoking in Public Places Should Be Banned Womens Right to Education Relieving Students School-Related Stress Academic Researchers Findings Academic studies conducted on Western media’s coverage of Islam and Muslims suggest that they often connect Islam to atrocity; Muslims are people of conflict and violence. Their tendency is to approach Islam and the Muslim from of difference and opposition and therefore creating â€Å"Islamophobia† or Anti-Muslim racism in Western societies. A good example is a magazine headline â€Å"Islam and Freedom: Are They Destined to Clash† painting Muslims’ as homogenous and zombie like people. Africa, on the other hand, has been framed as â€Å"uncivilized, crisis, and crime-ridden, corrupt, and negative† by the Western media. Other academic studies suggest the media encourage some people’s fascination with crime and criminal offenders. The reason is that public perception of crime and criminal justice system are greatly influenced by media’s presentation of framed ideas. The†Islamophobia† and frame of mind that was created by Western media may have been in some away accepted by a certain individual true and socially and politically accepted belief. In a similar manner, an Anti-Muslim framed, as a â€Å"crazy, misguided bigot who acted alone† would assume his role as an Anti-Muslim crazy and foolish extremist who works alone. Now, if the speculations are true that it is a hate crime and perpetrated because of faith, then is it correct to assume that the causal factor behind the #ChapelHillShooting is Western media?

Business Consultant Proposal for formulating costing & pricing (Cost Essay

Business Consultant Proposal for formulating costing & pricing (Cost Cutting) of a Private Hospital - Essay Example Nafees has tie ups with various medical centres from where they get updated results related to various development in medical field. In this regard, the business that is dealing in hospital, should not only concentrate on generating profit, but also look towards taking care of the sick people. Though the business of hospitals is purely based on dedication, patient care and compassion but like other business they also look for generating revenue. The flow of revenue not only affects the delivery of service related to patient care, but also for the financial health of the organization. In order to generate revenue it is very important for the business to identify its expenses. The major expenses that the hospital incurs are research and teaching, labour cost, test and technology, liability costs and other supplies and capital expenses. Research and teaching: Hospitals conducts research and teaching facilities in order to make their services better and make their employees serve the patients better. This helps the hospital in upgrading themselves and provides modern facilities and techniques to the patients. Therefore, huge expenses are incurred in this. Labour Cost: Labour cost is the most significant expense that is incurred by each and every organization and hospital is not an exception in that case. The employees of a hospital include the directors, doctors, nurses and other official and administrative staffs. The salary and benefits are also huge in this regards, which is another major expense for the hospital. Technology and Tests: Advanced technology helps the doctors not only in diagnosing critical illness but also curing these. New arthroscopic equipments, surgical robots and CY scan are some of the modern technologies that are there in hospital. Capital expenses: the hospital may also incur expenses related to construction work related to expansion of the hospital and procuring of equipments. These are

Marketing and Public Relations for Music and Media Essay

Marketing and Public Relations for Music and Media - Essay Example On the basis of research an appropriate marketing strategy comprised of guerrilla marketing tactics. The paper would also analyse the impact of demographics, supply chain and distributors towards influencing the business prospects and viability of the band. Based on this research an appropriate product mix would be formulated with a detailed financial analysis of the financial outcomes of the strategy. Finally a set of plausible recommendations would be framed that would serve to summarise the findings of the study and suggest certain strategies for the music band so as to make it popular among the target audience and establish a brand name and favourably position itself in the highly competitive market. General Overview In present competitive world, the role of marketing has become more prominent and a key success fact for the competing companies. With development of modern business concept, the there also have been significant improvements in the marketing practices. The process of drafting an efficient marketing plan includes a number of tasks, and the most important aspect in this process is that the marketers always aim to follow a customer centric of customer focused marketing plan. The target customers can also be defined as the target audience. The primary objective of marketing plan is to deliver the predefined message to the target audience. The process of delivering g message to the relevant and potential target audience is known as communicational marketing. Communication is an integral part of marketing mix that must be designed effectively with by considering a number of factors like public relation, advertising, effective campaign message, and target audience etc (Trehan and Trehan, 2010, p.17). This paper will attempt to present a comprehensive promotional marketing plan for promoting music and media through an effective communication process. This promotional marketing plan basically strives to develop a campaign plan for promoting a brand imag e of rock-music band. In meet this task, multiple marketing models, tools and theories will be used by focusing the target audience. The band is UK-based and hence, this promotional plan will focus on UK market. The product of this band is basically its music which will be distributed through CDs and online download. Therefore, in order to promote the music specific target markets will be identified and defined. Marketing Strategy Overview In the age of high competition it has become very essential for business organizations to develop a marketing strategy that effectively communicates its product or services among the members of the target audience such that the consumers are aware of the product and are able to distinguish between the product and services offered by the competitors in the market. Music bands also face the same situations as there are a large number of such players in the market. The marketing strategies of the bands must largely include a comprehensive framework c omprised of a step wise plan that includes

Theodore Roosevelt Essay -- Presidents History Essays

Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt was fond of quoting an old African proverb that admonished people to "speak softly and carry a big stick." Ironically, it was his thunderous voice that made him president, earned him enemies and brought him friends. That voice also made him the bulwark of the Progressive Movement. On October 27, 1858, Roosevelt was born on East Twentieth Street in New York City to Martha Bulloch, who he described as a "sweet gracious, beautiful Southern Woman" and Theodore Roosevelt Sr., who he wrote was "the best man I ever knew." Roosevelt was born into wealth, with his father a henchman of the family firm, Roosevelt & Son. Roosevelt’s grandfather, Cornelius Van Schaack Roosevelt, had earlier redesigned the business so it focused on selling plate glass instead of retail hardware. When the financial Panic of 1837 struck New York, Roosevelt’s grandfather bought up land. The plate glass business was sold to a British firm in 1876 and it changed its focus again – this time moving into the private banking and investment business. As Roosevelt grew up, his uncle, James A. ran the business, but his father received a portion of the enormous profits. (Renehan, 16) Roosevelt was a frail and asthmatic child who was teased and bullied. He gradually overcame his ailments be becoming physically active, learning to box and ride horseback. He looked forward to the long vacations his family spent in the country, where he could revel in the countryside and its wildlife. While he was still a young boy, he became interested in natural history and zoology. His interest in hunting and nature were a lifetime passion for Roosevelt. In the fall of 1876, Roosevelt entered Harvard, where he graduated in 1880. "I thoro... ...cted, it became clear that the United States would probably become involved in Europe’s war whether it wanted to or not. Roosevelt began lobbying Washington so he could raise a division of infantry and cavalry to serve in Europe. He did not receive favorable responses and journeyed to Washington D.C. to personally speak with Secretary of War Newton D. Baker and President Wilson. His wish to create a division was refused. Roosevelt would later write a friend that Wilson’s soul was "rotten through and through." In 1918, Roosevelt was once again consorting with Republican conservatives such as Taft and Elihu Root, who were opposed to Wilson and his League of Nations. Roosevelt was overjoyed in 1918 when republicans won a Senate majority. Early in 1919 he was boasting that he would be given the Republican nomination for president in 1920. But he died on January 6, 1919.

Cyp 3.4 Health and Safety

CYP Core 3. 4 Support children and young people’s Health and Safety When planning a healthy and safe indoor or outdoor environment there are some factors that need to be taken into account. Specific Risk to individuals. Specific Risk to individuals. Age, needs and abilities of the children and young people. Age, needs and abilities of the children and young people. Desired outcomes for children and young people. Desired outcomes for children and young people. Line of responsibility and accountability. Line of responsibility and accountability. The duty of care. The duty of care. Function and Purpose of the environment or service offered.Function and Purpose of the environment or service offered. Needs of carers. Needs of carers. Health and Safety factors to consider when planning. Health and Safety factors to consider when planning. Age, needs and abilities of children and young people All children and young people have developmental milestones which tell us the approximate ag e at which most children are likely to develop certain skills and ways they are expected to behave. However, the individual needs of each child or young person needs to be taken into account when planning a safe and healthy learning environment as the needs and abilities of each ndividual will vary particularly if an impairment, such as a learning difficulty or a physical disability has been identified. The age, needs and abilities of children impact significantly on what is safe or unsafe for them to come into contact with. For instance an eight month old baby will be expected to pick up objects within their reach and put them to their mouth so when planning a safe environment for them it will be important to keep small objects that present a choking hazard out of their reach.It is with this in mind that most practitioners will choose toys and materials safely. Before choosing toys they must be checked to ensure that they carry a safety mark which gives assurance that the products are safe to use as directed by the manufacturer. It is very important that toys and equipment are used in the way instructed by the manufacturer and not for any other purpose. All toys and equipment must also be assembled using the manufacturer instructions and age guidelines must be followed. E. g. â€Å"This product is not safe for children under 3 due to small parts†.It is important to remember the specific needs and abilities of each child when allowing them to use toys and equipment as some children for example may have developmental delays and still put things in their mouth like younger children so exercising extra caution may be necessary. Choosing toys and equipment that is durable and will last longer is practical as they are more likely to withstand constant use and have less of a chance of breaking and becoming potentially dangerous to the children using them.At St Cuthbert’s the needs and abilities of all children were taken into account when planning the outdoor areas, the school grounds and split into three different sections nursery and reception yard, year one and two yard and year three through to six have a separate yard. Each yard has been designed to specifically meet the needs of the children using i. e. smaller climbing frames for the younger children and larger ones for the old. The school building and grounds are all on one level and would be suitable for wheelchair users to access easily.Specific Risk to Individuals Some activities or situations can present specific risks to individuals. It is important to have good knowledge and understanding of each child or young person we work with so that we can recognise the risks if and when they occur and reduce the risk to an acceptable level or offer a suitable alternative. * If a young person is pregnant some activities otherwise deemed safe for her will become more of a risk to her because she is pregnant i. e. Trampolining, therefore a more suitable form of exercise safe for her and the baby could be offered. If a child suffers with a visual impairment the risk associated with certain activities may be higher – learning to use sharp tools for example. Advice can be sought from a professional who may recommend the use of specially designed tools or offer advice on suitable methods of teaching. * A child or young person with asthma or allergies will be unable to work with dust, pollen or certain food so it will be important to remember this child when planning certain activities i. e. bringing flowers in from outside or giving the children food treat.The needs of Carers Where relevant the needs of carers and parents are also a factor to consider when planning healthy and safe environments or services. For instance, a carer that uses a wheelchair will need sufficient space to move around safely and this should be thought of when planning the layout of furniture and facilities. The function and purpose of environments and services When planning a sa fe and healthy environment practitioners should take into account the function and purpose of the environment and services.Activities and experiences offered in one setting may be less suited and ill-advised in another. For example, many sports centres offer holiday clubs for children and young people, the environment is specifically designed for sporting activities and the staff will be trained and know how to properly use certain equipment, therefore offering the same activities in an out of school club that meets in a school classroom would be inappropriate and unsafe. Desired outcomes for children and young peopleThe desired outcomes for children and young people are among the factors that influence what is appropriate, safe and healthy for them to do within the setting. When planning an activity the potential benefits to the children and young people need to be considered against the likelihood of harm occurring. Duty of Care When a parent or carer leaves their child in the car e of a service they are in effect agreeing for the staff to care for their child whilst they are there. This means that staff has a duty of care to the child or young person in their care in line with provisions set out in the Children Act 1989.The act requires those caring for the child or young person to promote the safety and welfare of each individual in their care. The level of this duty of care must be that of a ‘reasonable parent’. If you do not act as a ‘reasonable parent’ would do to keep the child or young person safe you are failing to meet your duty of care and can be seen as being negligent. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 also states that the setting has a responsibility to safeguard the safety and well-being of children and young people in its care.Lines of responsibility and accountability It is very important for practitioners in all settings and services to be crystal clear about their own responsibilities relating to health and saf ety, or standards will slip and important welfare requirements may not be met. It is very important that practitioners monitor and maintain health and safety on an on-going basis and this will vary from setting to setting. At St Cuthbert’s Primary School Health and Safety is monitored primarily by the head teacher who is in charge of the overseeing of new policies and rocedures along with the school governors. All other staff members are responsible for their own safety and the safety of all of the children in their care whether it be their own class or the whole student population during break times. It is the role of the caretaker to monitor the health and safety of the school buildings and grounds and these are overseen on a twice a week basis. If the caretaker should happen upon a health and safety concern this will be immediately brought to the attention of the head teacher who will then decide on the best possible resolution.It is also up to the caretaker to be in the y ard first thing in a morning to ensure that all entry/exit ways to the school are securely locked making sure any unauthorised visitors cannot enter the school and ensuring the safety of the children. It is primarily the duty of the receptionist to check identification of visitors and providing them with a visitors badge and access to the school. When providing environments and services for children and young people it is important to comply with the laws and regulations set out by the government. The laws and guidelines set out by the government in England are: Health and Safety at work Act 1974 and 1992 This act is relevant for all places of employment not just those working alongside children and young people. Employers have a duty of care to ensure that the workplace and equipment within it are in a safe and useable condition and do not pose as a risk to the health and safety of anyone using it. Anyone working or volunteering in the setting have a responsibility to take care of themselves and others in cooperation with the employer. The Act also states that all employers must use the basic principles of risk management: 1. Risk assessment . Balanced control measures 3. Training The caretaker at the school I work in is responsible for checking the school buildings and grounds on a regular basis to ensure that all equipment being used is safe and does not pose a risk to any student or staff. Computers and other electrical equipment are checked on a regular basis by an outside company to make sure that there are no problems. It is the class teachers’ responsibility to ensure that their classroom and the equipment in it are safe for the children to use and this is taken into account when planning and risk assessing lessons.All staff is required to take part in training meetings in which they have the opportunities to learn how to use any new equipment or in some cases how to deal with challenging behaviour of specific children, courses such as safeguard ing, first aid and handling are compulsory. * Health and Safety (first Aid) Regulations 1981 Most settings working with children and young people with have specific individuals who are qualified to deal with first aid; there must be at least one person within the setting designated to first aid if an accident occurs. It is stated that by law all employers must keep a well-stocked first aid box.At St Cuthbert’s all staff members are first aid trained although there are only five members of staff as designated first aiders; it is their responsibility to ensure that the first aid boxes are fully stocked and in good working order. * Food Safety Act 1990, and Food Handling Regulations 1995 This act refers to how food may be stored and prepared and how cooking environments should be maintained and how staff who prepare the food must be trained. Any member of staff within the school handling food has a basic food safety and handling certificate including the kitchen staff. * Fire Pr ecautions (workplace) Regulations 1997These regulations apply to all workplaces not just those who work alongside children and young people. Under these regulations settings must carry out a fire risk assessment addressing seven key areas: 1. Fire ignition sources and risk from the spread of fire 2. Escape routes and Exits 3. Fire Detection and early warning of fire 4. Fire fighting equipment 5. Fire routine training for staff 6. Emergency plans and arrangements for calling the fire service 7. General maintenance and testing of fire protection equipment All staff members at St Cuthbert’s are trained in emergency procedure and what to do in the event of a fire.All fire safety equipment is checked once a month by an outside agency to ensure that alarms, extinguishers and other equipment are in good working order. * Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR) Under RIDDOR, workplaces must ensure they have an accident book. All accidents wh ich occur in the workplace or setting must be recorded in the book. Some types of accidents that occur at work – serious ones or those that result in someone being absent from work for more than three days must be reported to the Health and Safety Executive.Some Diseases that may be contracted by employees must also be reported i. e. HIV, Aids, Hepatitis and such like. At my school the accident and incident book is kept in the school office and all members of staff have access to this book, it is their responsibility to ensure that any accidents are recorded in this book however minor. If any concerns arise in relation to diseases and other contagious diseases then these are reported immediately to the head teacher who then takes appropriate action. * Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992Under these regulations employers must provide equipment to employees needed to carry out their jobs safely. For example, someone working with young children will need an apr on and rubber gloves supplied to them for when they are changing nappies or dealing with other body fluids and waste. * Protection of Children Act This law involves the protection and safeguarding of children. (See unit CYP core 3. 3 for more details) * Children’s Act 1989 This Act covers the equality of access and opportunity for children and young people in addition to health and safety. * Health and Safety (young persons) Regulations 1997These regulations require employers to carryout special risk assessments for employees or volunteers under the age of 18, as they may be less aware of the Health and Safety issues then more experienced workers. * Children Bill 2004 Prior to this bill being passed there were concerns that children’s services were not working together effectively to protect vulnerable children from forms of abuse. This bill was passed to ensure the improvement of child protection for children and young people and to ensure that all agencies involved h ave better communication with each other regarding such issues.At St Cuthbert’s meetings are held on a regular basis for the complete staffing team to talk about any issues or concerns they may have regarding specific children. Any immediate concerns are reported to the head teacher and they and the class teacher discuss which action to take. Safeguarding issues are immediately reported to the member of staff in charge of reporting incidents of abuse who will then take appropriate action such as ringing social services or other outside agencies. Any parents with concerns over a child are directed to this staff member who can then take the action needed to investigate further. Every Child Matters This is a government agenda which sets out five major outcomes for all children: 1. Be safe 2. Being healthy 3. Enjoying and achieving 4. Making a positive contribution 5. Economic well being The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) aims to meet every one of the outcomes listed above. * The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) Welfare Requirements All settings to which the EYFS applies must meet all of the EYFS welfare requirements: Safeguarding and promoting children’s welfare. | The provider must take suitable steps to safeguard and promote the welfare of children.The provider must promote the good health of the children, take necessary steps to prevent the spread of infections and take appropriate action when a child is ill. Children’s behaviour must be managed effectively and in a manner appropriate for their stage of development and individual needs. | Suitable People| Providers must ensure that people working with children or having unsupervised access to them are suitable to do so. Adults looking after children must have appropriate qualifications, training, skills and knowledge.Staffing arrangements must be organised to ensure safety and to meet the needs of the children within the setting. i. e. ensuring that the staff to child ration is cor rect. | Suitable Premises, environment and equipment| Outdoor and indoor spaces, furniture, equipment and toys must be age appropriate and safe and suitable for their purpose. | Organisation| Providers must plan and organise their activates and setting to ensure that all children are provided with enjoyable and challenging learning and development experience which is suited to meet their individual needs and abilities. Documentation| Providers must maintain records, policies and procedures required for the safe and efficient management of the settings and to meet the needs of the children. | Within a school environment there are policies and procedures in place which support staff in the management of situations that involve the safety and wellbeing of all staff and children. Some of these are: * The Health and Safety policy * The Bullying Policy * The Safety Policy * The Child Protection Policy * The behaviour policy * The O Tolerance procedure The Confidentiality Policy * The Equa l opportunities Policy * Regulations and Requirements tell settings what they must do and what standards they must meet to ensure the health and safety of the staff and children within the setting but they do not tell the practitioners how this should be done. It is up to the settings to interpret the laws set out by the government and devises their own policies and procedures that explain how they will work within the law to promote the Health and Safety of everyone in the setting.At St Cuthbert’s it is the overall responsibility of the head teacher to ensure that the health and safety procedures in the school are implemented effectively by all members of staff. New policies and procedures are discussed by the governors and before any new policy is written up the staff have a chance to add or remove anything they feel it needs or does not need; the final draft has to be approved by the Head Teacher before being implemented.It is the job of the caretaker to parole the school grounds and building twice a week to ensure that there are no health and safety hazards which could potentially harm the children and staff. If a member of staff comes across a hazard then it will be reported to the head teacher who then ensures the caretaker can solve/fix the problem or that the required services needed are contacted and the risk to students minimised. Sometimes children and young people may want to take risks that are inappropriate for safety reasons or inappropriate for a child or young person because of their age, needs or abilities.As a practitioner it is important to remember that all children will want to take risks and we should not try to avoid risk altogether but allow children and young people to experience risk which will not harm them and which is suitable for their age needs and abilities. For example, a child of five may want to try and climb to the very top of a climbing frame, while this is risk taking and the child may be capable of doing this we m ust tell them of the risk involved and ensure that they stay safe whilst trying.In the case of a younger child or a child with a physical impairment it would be inappropriate and dangerous to allow this child to try the same thing. There is a difference in allowing children and young people to take appropriate risks that are worthwhile in terms of their development when compared to the likelihood of injury, and allowing children and young people to do things that are likely to harm them seriously without a justifiable developmental gain or experience.It is important as a practitioner to decide which risks are acceptable and unacceptable and to be able to minimise risk and harm to the children in their care. Before any activity takes place it is important to carry out a risk assessment and understand the settings policies and procedures for risk assessment and be able to follow them closely. There is a dilemma between the rights and choices that belong to children and young people in terms of the freedom to play and the health and safety requirements of a setting.It is important to remember that children and young people have a right to choice and the freedom of play and its benefits to their learning and development and that children and young people should be allowed to experience and take appropriate risks during their play and learning, within the boundaries of the health and safety legislations. There are four types of hazard/risk that should be taken into account in terms of play and development. These are: * Physical Upturned carpets, stacks of chairs, scissors etc. * EnvironmentalIcy pathways/yard, water on a staircase, objects obstructing exits etc. * Emotional Emotional risk taking is a life skill. Children and young people take emotional risks when they pluck up the courage to do something that stretches them emotionally or that risks personal failure or rejection. E. g. speaking in front of a group of peers or adults, auditioning for a part in a pro duction, not giving in to peer pressure, taking a physical risk in front of others. Activities that may feel like a risk to one child may come easily to another.We must remember that each child is an individual and will be comfortable doing things that some children may not be comfortable doing. Every so often a child needs to come out of their ‘comfort zone’ and be encouraged to try new things for the first time. Those with good levels of self-esteem and confidence will find trying new things easier than those with low self-esteem and confidence. It is important to help children and young people feel equipped for emotional risk taking by providing opportunities for them to take part in activities which foster high levels of confidence and self-esteem. Behavioural Behavioural Hazards occur when children and young people behave in ways in which they could cause harm to themselves and others. A teacher may set up an activity in which blunt objects may be used for sculptin g with clay, a behavioural hazard becomes apparent if a child then begins to use the tools provided in an inappropriate manner which could cause harm to themselves or others i. e. throwing the tools around, deliberately using them in a harmful way. The risk is therefore significantly raised to an unacceptable level and the practitioner must step in and take appropriate action immediately.A child’s behaviour to another child may be classed as a behavioural hazard also, if a child is bullying or physically harming another child then this is also a hazard than needs to be dealt with immediately. At St Cuthbert’s children are involved in thinking about safety and are encouraged to tell an adult if they see something unsafe. One of the most effective ways of ensuring that the children think about safety is to explain to them why we think an activity, a situation or someone behaviour is potentially dangerous.A more recent example of supporting children to manage and assess r isk was when we had our safety topic week in school. This week was dedicated to having various health and safety professionals come into school to talk to the children and get them to think about their own safety in and outside of school. Some of the visitors included the fire service, police officers and a lollypop person. As well as giving talks to the children there were various activities throughout the week that allowed the children to think about and manage their own safety.Other examples of this more recently was a cooking lesson given to small groups of children, not only were the children able to help in the cooking session they were asked to talk about things in the kitchen that could cause harm to them and how they should behave whilst using equipment and being in the kitchen. This activity allowed the children to understand that good behaviour and carefulness was needed to minimise the risk of harm to themselves and others.The policies and procedures at St Cuthbertâ€⠄¢s in response to accidents, incidents, emergencies and illness are hugely important as they can mean the difference between life and death should a serious situation occur. It may be necessary to evacuate the setting in the event of: * Flood * Gas leak * Fire * Identification of a dangerous substance To ensure the safe evacuation of the setting in an emergency: * All staff must know how to raise the alarm, where the exits are and where the assembly point is. * All staff is aware of their roles in an emergency such as taking the register, dialling 999 and checking rooms are empty. There must be regular opportunities to practice the evacuation procedure. These should be taken seriously and any difficulties should be resolved. The sound of the alarm may upset some children so it is important to be sensitive and help them to settle after the drill. * Evacuation drill notices must be kept in view at all times and give details of where the fire extinguishing equipment is kept. * Fire al arms, smoke detectors and emergency lighting should be regularly checked and maintained and staff should know where they are and be trained in their use.Details of all checks should be kept written in the log. * Emergency exits should not be obstructed At St Cuthbert’s the emergency drill is practiced with great care once a month. It is up to the class teacher to ensure that their class evacuates the building in a safe and calm manner and assembles at the meeting point. In the event of a real fire it is up to the receptionist to call the emergency services then make their own way to the meeting point where they will distribute the registers to the class teachers so that they are able to ensure that all children are accounted for.All registered settings must have written procedures regarding what practitioners must do if it was discovered a child was missing. It is important for all staff members to know these procedures and act quickly. At St Cuthbert’s an immediate se arch of the setting including outdoor areas is undertaken as well as finding out when the child was last seen and where. If the child cannot be found then the search would be widened to the local area around the school whilst the head teacher raises the alarm with the police and the missing child’s parents or carers.Sufficient staff remains on the premises to ensure that the other children are still taken care of and surplus staff such as the caretaker and teaching assistants may join the search until the police arrive and the search is controlled by them. The incident should be logged in the incident book by the initial member of staff whilst all details are still fresh in their head and later Ofsted will be contacted and the incident logged with them as an immediate review of the setting will be required.All children at some point in their lives experience illness and it is important that all staff recognise the signs and symptoms of illness in a child or young person to be able to take appropriate action in line with the settings policies and procedures. It is a legal requirement of all settings to have written guidelines for the management of illness within the setting. It is not the job of the practitioners to diagnose the illness this should be left up to a health professional, it is also not the role of the practitioner to care for a sick child and those who are ill should not attend the setting until they are well.There will be times when a child’s symptoms develop whilst they are at school, at St Cuthbert’s the procedure should this occur is as follows: * A member of staff will recognise promptly when the child or young person is ill using their knowledge of childhood illnesses to determine the seriousness of the illness. * The member of staff will respond to the symptoms in line with the schools policies, such as cooling a child down if they are suffering a temperature or administering a child’s asthma inhaler. * The membe r of staff will monitor the condition to ensure the condition does not become worse and a record kept. . e. when the child was last sick, their temperature or what time their inhaler was given. * The staff member will arrange for the child to be collected as soon as possible in the case of minor illness. In the case of accident or major illness then an ambulance will be called before the child’s parents or carers are contacted. When contacting a relative the child’s file will be looked at to determine the first point of contact in the event of an illness. It is important to be in control when ringing the parent or carer and ensure that they are not unnecessarily worried.In the event that an ambulance has to be called before the parents it is important that all details of the child’s symptoms are given correctly so that the emergency services know what they are dealing with and if needed advice can be given to keep the child comfortable until the ambulance arrive s. A practitioner will then accompany the child to the hospital until their parents arrive. * A record of the child’s symptoms and the procedures carried out will be logged in the incident book. All settings have a legal requirement to ensure that logs and records of incidents are kept up to date.When a child becomes ill at St Cuthbert’s or an accident or illness occurs the time and date is logged and any symptoms and signs of illness are written down. A practitioner’s response to a child’s illness is logged, making note of details like medication or first aid given and by whom. There are 4 designated first aiders within the school and it is their job to ensure that all first aid kits around the school are fully stocked and in good working order. It may be necessary for the first aider to be called in the event of an accident or incident and it will be their role to keep the incident book updated.